El 1 de julio de 2019, entró en vigor en España, el R. D. 308/2019, de 26 de abril, sobre la calidad del pan, donde se intenta dar más seguridad al consumidor, y especificar los productos de su elaboración para cada variedad, así como su forma de horneado.
Según las estadísticas del Ministerio de Agricultura de España, en 2018, el consumo doméstico de pan fue 1.454.451,91 kg, 31,87 Kg/habitante, la tendencia es hacia abajo, en 1998 era 57 Kg/habitante, no es uno de los mayores consumidores de pan de la Unión Europea.
En España, podríamos decir que no existe un único pan que llamáramos pan Español, sino según la zona geográfica que miremos, tiene sus panes (Pan Payés, Gallego, Candeal, Castilla), la diferencia es el cereal usado, en España los principales cereales usados, son el trigo y el centeno, hay cuatro IGP de pan (Indicaciones Geográficas Protegidas) Alfacar (Granada - Andalucia), Cruz de Calatrava (Ciudad Real – Castilla La Mancha), Payés (Cataluña), Cea (Orense – Galicia).
El que ha leído este blog en alguna ocasión, sabe que se escribe desde Asturias y el autor, tiene cadencia por los que abandonaron su tierra, bueno pues en Asturias el pan se hacía de escanda, un cereal que se adapta a sus condiciones meteorológicas y del terreno, y recolección era difícil, se recogían las espigas con dos palos (las mesorias), y a los más pequeños se le encomendaba pilucar (recoger del suelo las espigas que caían), incluso había que pasarla por dos tipos de molinos (primero el de rabil), hoy casi no se cultiva escanda y la mayor parte de los panes de escanda son mezcla con trigo; centeno; y después del descubrimiento de América, y siendo el primer lugar donde llegó el maíz, este se panifico, y así nació la boroña, supongo que muchos de aquellos que se fueron de su tierra, echarían de menos volver a comer pan de escanda, ver aquella operación que hacían las mujeres de la casa, de amasar, incluso aquella ridícula regla para que no lo hicieran cuando estaban con el periodo, después recoger las gorbizas (brezo), cotoxas (tojo); para arroxar (calentar) el horno, y que se pusieran las paredes blancas, limpiar y meter el pan, verdad Manuela González Miranda, en Cuba, Canadá y California no había escanda, y el pan payés, está muy bueno y aunque José Moga lo hacía muy bien, pero no era lo mismo que la escanda de Grado. Incluso otros asturianos que se fueron, mantuvieron su profesión en la otra orilla, Andrés González, panadero en Langreo, que se fue a Argentina con sus hijos, y allí su hijo Aurelio González Fernández también continuo con la profesión, aunque poca escanda verían por Argentina, verdad Gabriela Susana González.
Algunos como queda dicho emigraron y llevaron su profesión, sabemos que por ejemplo en Estados Unidos, en Barre (Vermont), por lo que nos dice The Barre Daily Times el 31/03/1914 “Los transportistas y panaderos italianos y españoles, reunidos en una reunión celebrada hoy, formaron una sucursal local de los nuevos "Trabajadores Industriales del Mundo". Los promotores confían en el patrocinio de ambas colonias para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo del comercio...”
Quizás estos panaderos harían pan Español, incluso elaborado con trigo de España, sabemos que en 1845, el cónsul Norteamericano en Bilbao, envió una fanega de trigo (55,5 l, 6439,5 m2, 43 kg), no Andaluz, sino de León, que se distribuyen muestras en Nueva York y Michigan, y estaban interesados en llevarlo a Albemarle (Virginia) u otra zona triguera de Virginia. Pero incluso antes a Australia en 1827, a través del barco Elisabeth, llegó trigo Español de Talavera, aunque para consumo no como simiente, que generó un debate en los periódicos; en cambio en 1866, en Adelaida (Australia) se anunciaba la venta de semilla de trigo Español, o en la década de los 80 del siglo XIX, entre los colonos del Estado de Victoria, había interés en adquirir trigo Español.
Allá por el año 1853, en Melbourne (Australia), un periódico, The Argus, durante dos días del mes de enero, en su sección de ventas en subastas, publicó el siguiente anuncio.
Martes, 1 Febrero
Bienes Chinos
FRANCIS & COHEN
Venderá, en sus habitaciones
El Martes, 1 February,
A las 11:00
5 piezas de seda china muy bonita, 6 excelentes chales de China, 6 nidos de troncos de madera de alcanfor,
6 Tarros pan Español.
3 cajas preservar jengibre, 5 hermosos escritorios
Condiciones en efectivo
Ese mismo año unos días después, el 10 de febrero, en el puerto Launceston (Tasmania – Australia), un barco desde Melbourne había descargado 2 Tarros de pan Español. Sinceramente, no sé a qué se refieren con tarros de pan Español, quizás puede ser influencia Filipina, hay que recordar que en ese momento Filipinas pertenecía a España.
Aunque de la calidad del pan Español, por esas fechas tuvieron noticias en Australia, el mismo periódico el 07/01/1860, publicaba un artículo titulado “Bread making in Spain” (Haciendo pan en España), este artículo ya había dado la vuelta al mundo, porque en 1859 ya había sido publicado en varios periódicos de estados de Estados Unidos ( Washington DC, Virginia, Vermont, Ohio, Pennsylvania..), y que remitían a la prensa de Londres. El artículo nos lleva a Alcalá de Guadaira, cerca de Sevilla, que se conocía como Alcalá de los Panaderos, nos cuenta como se hacía el pan en aquel lugar, que después se vendería en Sevilla, siguiendo todos los pasos, a través de una familia del pueblo, la mujer y la hija, separaban las espigas de trigo por su calidad, para después pasarlo al molino, en este caso de sangre, tranquilos, no es nada gore, era una mula con los ojos vendados y una esquila, que daba vueltas, y que movía las muelas (piedras circulares que machacan el grano), la esquila era para saber si la mula se paraba. Después pasaban la harina por 3 tamices, siendo el último muy fino. Al atardecer la esposa del panadero, pesaba la harina, y la mezclaba con agua, un poco de sal, para obtener una masa, a la que se añadía una cantidad muy pequeña de levadura, aquí nuestro amigo, ve una diferencia muy grande con su país, Inglaterra, nos dice “para evitar el problema de amasar, ponen tanta levadura, en un lote de pan de casa, que en España les duraría una semana, los 6 u 8 burros cargados de pan que envían todas las noches al horno”.
La masa ya hecha, se colocaba en sacos y se llevaba en burros, al horno en el centro del pueblo, allí, la masa se cortaba en porciones de 3 libras cada una (1 libra = 0,454 Kg.). Delante del horno se colocaban unas mesas largas, en las que se ponían unos 20 hombres en línea, se entregaba una de esas porciones al primero, que empezaba a amasarla y golpearla unos 3 o 4 minutos, y luego la pasaba al siguiente, y a él le daban una nueva, como si fuera una cadena de montaje; estos hombres tenían los dedos y las palmas de la mano con callos, y que además les afectaba al pecho, emitiendo un sonido gutural (ha, ha) mientras trabajaban, que no podía ser más de 2 horas seguidas.
Las porciones después de pasar por las manos de esos hombres, eran entregadas al panadero y su familia, que las moldeaba, a veces las hacía trozos más pequeños, para llevarlas al horno.
Después de esto emite una queja a sus compatriotas los panaderos ingleses, si usaran menos levadura y amasaran más, y no adulteraran la harina, así evitarían los problemas estomacales que el pan inglés produce.
Y que dice del pan español: “Ningún viajero que visita el sur de España deja de decir: “¡Qué delicioso es el pan!”. Es blanco como la nieve, casi como un pastel y, sin embargo, muy ligero; El sabor es más delicioso, porque el trigo es bueno y puro, y el pan bien amasado…..He mantenido una pequeña hogaza de pan español durante varios meses en un lugar seco, luego lo sumergí en agua hirviendo y lo volví a hornear, y puedo asegurar a mis lectores que no era ni mohoso ni agrio.”.
En ocasiones, en España, si se usaba el término pan Español, para publicitar las panaderías, y con alguna referencia Sevillana.
Principales formas de aquellos panes. Scientific American 08/10/1859
Aquellos que todavía, sus abuelos o padres en sus pueblos de origen, hagan o hicieron pan, verán o recordaran el acto de calentar el horno, en Asturias, en algunas zonas, arroxar, estos hornos no tienen fuego por abajo, sino que se introducen ciertos brezos en la zona de horneado y se encienden, nuestro periodista nos dice que allí, introducían ramitas de mejorana, tomillo, que hay en las colinas cercanas, cuando el horno está caliente se sacan las cenizas, y entonces se mete el pan, que se hará con el calor del horno.Después de esto emite una queja a sus compatriotas los panaderos ingleses, si usaran menos levadura y amasaran más, y no adulteraran la harina, así evitarían los problemas estomacales que el pan inglés produce.
Y que dice del pan español: “Ningún viajero que visita el sur de España deja de decir: “¡Qué delicioso es el pan!”. Es blanco como la nieve, casi como un pastel y, sin embargo, muy ligero; El sabor es más delicioso, porque el trigo es bueno y puro, y el pan bien amasado…..He mantenido una pequeña hogaza de pan español durante varios meses en un lugar seco, luego lo sumergí en agua hirviendo y lo volví a hornear, y puedo asegurar a mis lectores que no era ni mohoso ni agrio.”.
En ocasiones, en España, si se usaba el término pan Español, para publicitar las panaderías, y con alguna referencia Sevillana.
El Isleño (Mallorca) 09/11/1860 La Voz Montañesa (Santander) 25/11/1877
Incluso en México.
Iberia (México D. F.) 09/09/1868
Incluso en una huelga ocurrida por los panaderos en México D.F., en 1911, el periódico El Diario del 23/07/1911, subtitulaba “La clientela de las panaderías ha comenzado a recibir el pan Español elaborado por mujeres”.
Pero ya en 1837, había loas a nuestro pan en la prensa Estadounidense, el Vermont Telegraph, en 1837, nos cuenta el viaje a España del Reverendo George Cheever, que dice, “El trigo de Málaga es una de las producciones más importantes y excelentes de esta región; El reino de Andalucía produce una cantidad tan grande, que ha sido llamado el granero de España. “Llueva o no llueva”, dice el proverbio, “hay trigo en Andalucía””. Lo curioso es que el periódico usaba el artículo para atacar a las destilerías, y el consumo de alcohol de las personas, que restaba grano para la alimentación de la población.
El granero de España es más bien Castilla, ya lo era en s. XIX, es verdad que ahora mismo, Andalucía es la mayor productora de trigo de la variedad duro, aunque Castilla es el mayor productor de trigo, de la variedad blanda, que es la variedad más producida en España.
The Salt Lake Tribune 24/11/1904 (Salt Lake City – Utah)
Cena del Ejército de Salvación
Siguiendo una costumbre establecida hace varios años, el Ejército de Salvación se encargará de que los pobres de la ciudad tengan motivos para agradecer al menos una buena cena en el año. Se servirá en el bloque Realty en la calle West Temple, y ha sido tan generoso la respuesta a los llamamientos de los muchachos y muchachas del Ejército de Salvación para esta cena que el siguiente menú muy tentador se presentará hoy ante los invitados del ejército:
Caza: Pavo asado con aderezo, salsa de arándanos, Ganso con aderezo, Pollo con aderezo
Carnes: Carne de res asada- salsa, carne de cordero asada - gelatina, cerdo asado - salsa de manzana
Vegetales: Puré de patatas irlandesas, batatas al horno, calabaza Dixie, zanahorias a la crema, zanahorias francesas, crema de maíz
Entradas: Ensalada fría, apio, estofado de ternera, macarrones, pan español y mantequilla
Bebidas Té y café, Aqua pura
Postre: Pastel de manzana, pastel de calabaza, pastel de carne picada, fruta
Pero hasta personajes célebres hablaban bien de nuestro pan, el famoso escritor Prosper Mérimée (París, 28/09/1803 – Cannes, 23/09/1870), sí el de la novela Carmen, que daría lugar a la famosa ópera, en una carta el 02/08/1853, a la Sra. Childe, dice "Mañana cruzo el Bidasoa para comer un poco de pan español, un placer que bien paga por las molestias de viajar en ese país". Catherine Mildred Childe (Alexandria – Virginia 27/02/1811 – París 24/06/1856), era hermana del famoso General Confederado, Robert E. Lee (Stratford – Virginia 19/01/1807 – Lexington – Virginia 12/10/1870), en la Guerra de Secesión de EEUU.
The New York Herald 23/04/1868
102 11TH AV. ESQUINA 19TH ST. 2 Chicas protestante, una como cocinera; toda clase de cocina, pan Francés y Español, y toda clase de postres; la otra como camarera, o cuidar niños.
Aunque también, recibió alguna crítica, en plena guerra entre España y Estados Unidos en 1898, un artículo sobre Madrid, publicado por New York Truth, se decía “Pan español, pesado y poco apetitoso, con costras de cocodrilo”, este apelativo de duro, no cambió, y en 1915 The Sun (Nueva York), decía “El pan español es bueno y nutritivo, pero extremadamente duro. Su corteza estirada en frío, sin costura. El carácter devónico del interior y la coloración delicada lo hacen único entre los panes. Delicadamente dorado en la parte superior, adquiere un color crema intenso en los extremos.”
Pero esto no evitaba que fuera recomendado a las amas de casas Norteamericanas, como el Memphis Daily Appeal del 03/12/1857, y siguiendo los criterios del químico Alemán Liebig (Darmstadt, 12/05/1803 - Munich, 18/04/1873), usando para la realización del pan, el agua de cal, como hacen los panaderos Españoles desde hacía mucho tiempo.
Deseret Evening News 11/07/1903 (Salt Lake City – Utah)
Pero por nuestras Antípodas, decir pan español, también era otra cosa, en 1898 un periódico de Nueva Zelanda, Southern Cross, Otago, publicaba la siguiente receta: 1 taza de harina, ¾ taza de azúcar, ½ libra (1 libra 0,453592 kg.), 1 cucharita pequeña de levadura en polvo, 3 huevos, ¼ libra (1 libra 0,453592 kg.) almendras picadas otros prefieren nueces. Untar el molde con mantequilla, batir la mantequilla y el azúcar hasta obtener una crema, añadir los huevos batidos, la harina y la levadura, esparcir las almendras o nueces por encima antes de hornear, en horno estable más o menos ¾ de hora.
Esta receta seguirá apareciendo en la prensa de Nueva Zelanda, por ejemplo en 1902, Otago Witness, varía un poco, el molde además de untarlo de mantequilla, se pone una capa de harina y azúcar glass, y las cantidades difieren, se baten 7 huevos, se les añade 8 onzas (1 onza 0,028349 kg.) de azúcar glass, y se mueve hasta obtener una masa filamentosa, a esa mezcla se le añade 6 onzas de harina, picar 1,5 onza de almendras por encima y hornear en un horno rápido durante ¾ de hora. Todavía en 1917 y 1918 se seguía publicando la receta, Auckland Star y Lytteton Times (Canterbury), los ingredientes eran: ½ libra mantequilla, ½ libra azúcar, 4 huevos, 1 taza de leche dulce, 1 libra de harina, 1 cucharadita levadura, Almendras. Batir mantequilla y azúcar, obtener una crema, añadir los huevos batidos y luego la leche dulce, mezclar la harina y la levadura y tamizar, unirlo todo, para terminar blanquear, y espolvorear las almendras picadas, y hornear a temperatura moderada.
Este dulce pan Español, no solo era de Nueva Zelanda en Australia, también se publicaba la receta como en 1902, Sunday Times (Sydney), Weekly Times (Melbourne), repiten la misma receta que ese año publicaba el Otago Witness, añadiéndole la curiosidad que los huevos y el azúcar glass había que removerlos 10 minutos con el recipiente, dentro de una bandeja con agua hirviendo (una especie de baño María).
Clifton Record 04/05/1972 (Clifton – Texas)
Ah, si hoy escribe en google, "Spanish Bread" (Pan Español), lo que nos aparece es un bollo dulce, cuyo origen es Filipinas.
Bibliografia: Ministerio de Cultura de España, Biblioteca del Congreso de Estados Unidos, Biblioteca Nacional de Australia, Biblioteca Nacional de Nueva Zelanda, Biblioteca Nacional de Francia, Biblioteca Nacional de México.
Inspirado por Cristina María Luisa Fernández Di Francesco e Ileana Ille Fernández.
On July 1, 2019, entered into force, Royal Decree 308/2019 (April 26), about the quality of bread, where it is intended to give more security to the consumer, and specify the products of its elaboration for each variety, as well as its baking form.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture of Spain, in 2018, domestic bread consumption was 1,454,451.91 kg, 31.87 kg / inhabitant, the trend is down, in 1998 it was 57 kg / inhabitant, it is not one of the largest consumers of bread in the European Union.
In Spain, we could say that there is no single bread that we call Spanish bread, every geographical area has its breads (Pan Payés, Gallego, Candeal, Castilla), the difference is the cereal used, in Spain the main cereals used, are wheat and rye, there are four PGI bread (Protected Geographical Indications) Alfacar (Granada - Andalucia), Cruz de Calatrava (Ciudad Real - Castilla La Mancha), Payés (Catalonia), Cea (Orense - Galicia). The one who has read this blog on some occasion, knows that it is written from Asturias and the author, has cadence for those who left their land, well in Asturias the bread was made of spelt (escanda), a cereal that adapts to its weather conditions and from the ground, and harvesting was difficult, the spikes were collected with two sticks (mesorias), and the smallest ones were entrusted of pilucar (pick up the falling spikes from the ground), even had to pass it through two types of mills (first the rabil mill), today almost no cultived and most of the spelt (escanda) breads are mixed with wheat; rye; and after the discovery of America, and being the first place where the corn arrived, and it was used to make bread, and thus the boroña was born, I suppose that many of those who left their land would miss eating spelt bread (Escanda) again, see that operation that the women of the house did, to knead, even that ridiculous rule so that they didn't do it when they were with the menstruation, then pick up the gorbizas (Heather), cotoxas (Gorse); arroxar (Heat) the oven, and that walls were put white, clean and put the bread, right Manuela González Miranda, in Cuba, Canada and California there was no spelt (Escanda), and the Payés bread is very good and although, Joseph Moga made it very well, but It was not the same as Grado's spelt (Escanda). Even other Asturians who left, kept their profession on the other side, Andrés González, baker in Langreo, who went to Argentina with his children, and there his son Aurelio González Fernández also continued with the profession, although little spelt (Escanda) would see in Argentina , true Gabriela Susana González.
Some, as it has been said, emigrated and continued their profession, we know that for example in United States, in Barre (Vermont), by The Barre Daily Times tells us on March 31, 1914 “The Italian and Spanish bread carriers and bakers, assembled at a meeting held today, have formed a local branch of the new "Industrial Workers of World" The promoters rely upon the patronage of both colonies to ameliorate the working conditions of the trade…”.
Perhaps these bakers would make Spanish bread, even made with wheat from Spain, we know that in 1845, the North American consul in Bilbao, sent a bushel of wheat (55.5 l, 6439.5 m2, 43 kg), not Andalusian, but from Leon, that samples were distributed in New York and Michigan, and were interested in taking it to Albemarle (Virginia) or another wheat area of Virginia. But even before, to Australia in 1827, through the Elisabeth ship, Spanish wheat from Talavera arrived, although for consumption not as a seed, which generated a debate in the newspapers; instead in 1866, in Adelaide (Australia), it was announced the sale of Spanish wheat seed, or in the 80s of the nineteenth century, among the settlers of the State of Victoria, there was interest in acquiring Spanish wheat.
Back in the year 1853, in Melbourne (Australia), a newspaper, The Argus, during two days of the month of January, in its sales section at auctions, published the following announcement.
That same year a few days later, on February 10, at Launceston Harbor (Tasmania - Australia), a ship from Melbourne had unloaded 2 jars of Spanish bread. Honestly, I don't know what they mean with jars of Spanish bread, maybe it can be Philippine influence, there is to remember that at that time the Philippines belonged to Spain.
Although about quality of Spanish bread, by that time, in Australia, they had news, the same newspaper on January 07, 1860, published an article entitled “Bread making in Spain”, this article had already turned around to the world, because in 1859 it had already been published in several newspapers of the United States (Washington DC, Virginia, Vermont, Ohio, Pennsylvania ..), and which referred to the London press. The article takes us to Alcalá de Guadaira, near Seville, which was known as Alcalá de los Bakers, tells us how the bread was made in that place, which would later be sold in Seville, following all the steps, through a family from the town, the woman and the daughter, separated the ears of wheat for their quality, and then passed it to the mill, in this case of blood, quiet, it is nothing gore, it was a blindfolded mule and a shearing, which paced round and round with untiring patience, and that moved the molars (circular stones that crush the grain), the shearing was to know if the mule stopped. Then they passed the flour through 3 sieves, the latter being very fine. At sunset the baker's wife weighed the flour, and mixed it with water, a little salt, to obtain a dough, to which a very small amount of yeast was added, here our friend, sees a very large difference with his country, England, he tells us “to avoid the trouble of kneading, they put as much leaven, or yeast, in one batch of household bread, as in Spain would last them a week for the six or eight donkey loads of bread they send every night from their oven”.
The ready-made dough was placed in sacks and carried on donkeys, baked in the center of village, there, the dough was cut into portions of 3 pounds each (1 pound = 0.454 kg). Long tables were placed in front of the oven, in which about 20 men were placed in line, one of those portions was delivered to the first, which began to knead it and hit it for 3 or 4 minutes, and the passed it to his neighbor, and to him they gave him a new one, as if it were an assembly line; These men had fingers and palms with calluses, and it so affects the chest, emitting a throaty sound (ha, ha) while they worked, that they cannot work for more than two hours at a time.
The portions, after passing through the hands of these men, were handed over to the baker and his family, who molded them, sometimes made them smaller pieces, to take them to the oven.
Although about quality of Spanish bread, by that time, in Australia, they had news, the same newspaper on January 07, 1860, published an article entitled “Bread making in Spain”, this article had already turned around to the world, because in 1859 it had already been published in several newspapers of the United States (Washington DC, Virginia, Vermont, Ohio, Pennsylvania ..), and which referred to the London press. The article takes us to Alcalá de Guadaira, near Seville, which was known as Alcalá de los Bakers, tells us how the bread was made in that place, which would later be sold in Seville, following all the steps, through a family from the town, the woman and the daughter, separated the ears of wheat for their quality, and then passed it to the mill, in this case of blood, quiet, it is nothing gore, it was a blindfolded mule and a shearing, which paced round and round with untiring patience, and that moved the molars (circular stones that crush the grain), the shearing was to know if the mule stopped. Then they passed the flour through 3 sieves, the latter being very fine. At sunset the baker's wife weighed the flour, and mixed it with water, a little salt, to obtain a dough, to which a very small amount of yeast was added, here our friend, sees a very large difference with his country, England, he tells us “to avoid the trouble of kneading, they put as much leaven, or yeast, in one batch of household bread, as in Spain would last them a week for the six or eight donkey loads of bread they send every night from their oven”.
The ready-made dough was placed in sacks and carried on donkeys, baked in the center of village, there, the dough was cut into portions of 3 pounds each (1 pound = 0.454 kg). Long tables were placed in front of the oven, in which about 20 men were placed in line, one of those portions was delivered to the first, which began to knead it and hit it for 3 or 4 minutes, and the passed it to his neighbor, and to him they gave him a new one, as if it were an assembly line; These men had fingers and palms with calluses, and it so affects the chest, emitting a throaty sound (ha, ha) while they worked, that they cannot work for more than two hours at a time.
The portions, after passing through the hands of these men, were handed over to the baker and his family, who molded them, sometimes made them smaller pieces, to take them to the oven.
Main forms, of those breads. Scientific American October 8, 1859
Those who still, their grandparents or parents in their villages of origin, make or made bread, will see or remember the act of heating the oven, in Asturias, in some areas, arroxar, these ovens do not have fire below, but are introduced certain heathers in the baking area and light up, our journalist tells us that there, they introduced sprigs of marjoram, thyme, which there were in the nearby hills, when the oven is hot, the ashes are removed, and then the bread is put in, which It will be done with the heat of the oven.
After this he makes a complaint to his countrymen the English bakers, if they use less yeast and knead more, and do not adulterate the flour, thus avoiding the stomach problems that the English bread produces.
And what does it say about Spanish bread: “No traveller who visits the south of Spain ever fails to remark, “How delicious the bread is!” It is white as snow, close as cake, and yet very light; the flavor is most delicious, for the wheat is good and pure, and the bread well kneaded…. I have kept a small loaf of Spanish bread for several months in a dry place, and then immersed it in boiling water and re-baked it, and I can assure my readers that it was neither musty nor sour.”.
Sometimes, in Spain, the term Spanish bread was used to advertise bakeries, and with some reference from Seville.
El Isleño (Mallorca) November 9, 1860 La Voz Montañesa (Santander) November 25, 1877
NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC
In the furnace of the old square, in front of Santa Eulalia, and in d’ en Frau, French bread will be on sale from Tuesday onwards of 8 and 9 quarts per pound, Catalan bread at 7 and 8 quarters per pound, and in addition there will be all quality of Spanish bread worked by a Sevillian waiter tahona (Bakery) style
New Bakery
La Pila Ríver street, number 9
Sunday will begin the manufacture of Spanish bread and sweet biscuits, for ships and French bread, having the confidence to tell the public that it will be in the best taste of all those made in this city.
Regarding French bread, it will be 2 pounds and 4.
Even in Mexico.
But already in 1837, there were praises to our bread in the American press, the Vermont Telegraph, in 1837, tells us the trip to Spain of the Rev. George Cheever, who says, “The wheat of Malaga is one of the most important and excellent production of this region; the kingdom of Andalusia producing so great a quantity, that it has been called the granary of Spain. “Rain or no rain” says the proverb, “there is wheat in Andalusia””. The funny thing is that the newspaper used the article to attack the distilleries, and the consumption of alcohol of the people, that subtracted grain for the feeding of the population.
The barn of Spain is rather Castile, it already was in XIX century, it is true that right now, Andalusia is the largest producer of wheat of the hard variety, although Castilla is the largest producer of wheat, of the soft variety, which is the most produced variety in Spain.
Bibliography: Minister of Culture of Spain, Library of Congress of United States, National Library of Australia, National Library of New Zealand, National Library of France, National Library of Mexico.
Inspired by Cristina María Luisa Fernández Di Francesco and Ileana Ille Fernández.
After this he makes a complaint to his countrymen the English bakers, if they use less yeast and knead more, and do not adulterate the flour, thus avoiding the stomach problems that the English bread produces.
And what does it say about Spanish bread: “No traveller who visits the south of Spain ever fails to remark, “How delicious the bread is!” It is white as snow, close as cake, and yet very light; the flavor is most delicious, for the wheat is good and pure, and the bread well kneaded…. I have kept a small loaf of Spanish bread for several months in a dry place, and then immersed it in boiling water and re-baked it, and I can assure my readers that it was neither musty nor sour.”.
Sometimes, in Spain, the term Spanish bread was used to advertise bakeries, and with some reference from Seville.
El Isleño (Mallorca) November 9, 1860 La Voz Montañesa (Santander) November 25, 1877
NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC
In the furnace of the old square, in front of Santa Eulalia, and in d’ en Frau, French bread will be on sale from Tuesday onwards of 8 and 9 quarts per pound, Catalan bread at 7 and 8 quarters per pound, and in addition there will be all quality of Spanish bread worked by a Sevillian waiter tahona (Bakery) style
New Bakery
La Pila Ríver street, number 9
Sunday will begin the manufacture of Spanish bread and sweet biscuits, for ships and French bread, having the confidence to tell the public that it will be in the best taste of all those made in this city.
Regarding French bread, it will be 2 pounds and 4.
Even in Mexico.
NOTICE
The celebrated Spanish, Cádiz and Seville bread has been established in the Slave bakery. Once all the difficulties have been overcome, so that it is entirely the same as that, the owners of the house have not hesitated to offer it to the public. People who wish to use this bread may notify the bakery, and will be sent to their home every day.
Iberia (México D. F.) September 09, 1868
Even in a strike by the bakers in Mexico D.F., in 1911, the newspaper El Diario, on 07/23/1911, subtitled "The clientele of the bakeries has begun to receive the Spanish bread made by women".But already in 1837, there were praises to our bread in the American press, the Vermont Telegraph, in 1837, tells us the trip to Spain of the Rev. George Cheever, who says, “The wheat of Malaga is one of the most important and excellent production of this region; the kingdom of Andalusia producing so great a quantity, that it has been called the granary of Spain. “Rain or no rain” says the proverb, “there is wheat in Andalusia””. The funny thing is that the newspaper used the article to attack the distilleries, and the consumption of alcohol of the people, that subtracted grain for the feeding of the population.
The barn of Spain is rather Castile, it already was in XIX century, it is true that right now, Andalusia is the largest producer of wheat of the hard variety, although Castilla is the largest producer of wheat, of the soft variety, which is the most produced variety in Spain.
The Salt Lake Tribune November 24, 1904 (Salt Lake City – Utah)
But even celebreties spoke well of our bread, the famous writer Prosper Mérimée (Paris, September 28, 1803 - Cannes, September 23, 1870), yes, that of the novel Carmen, which would trigger to the famous opera, in a letter on August 2, 1853, to Mrs. Childe, says “Tomorrow I cross the Bidassoa in order to eat some Spanish bread a pleasure which well repays one for the discomforts of travel in that country". Catherine Mildred Childe (Alexandria - Virginia February 27, 1811 - Paris June 24, 1856), was the sister of the famous Confederate General, Robert E. Lee (Stratford - Virginia January 19, 1807 - Lexington - Virginia October 10, 1870), in the US Civil War.
The New York Herald April 23, 1868
Although he also received some criticism, in the middle of the war between Spain and the United States in 1898, an article about Madrid, published by New York Truth, said “Spanish bread, is heavy and unappetizing, with alligator crusts”, this nickname of hard, did not change, and in 1915 The Sun (New York), said “Spanish bread is good and nutritious, but exceedingly hard. Its cold drawn, seamless crust. Devonian character of the interior and dainty coloring make it unique among breads. Delicately browned at the top it shades into a rich cream color at the ends”
But this did not prevent it from being recommended to American housewives, such as the Memphis Daily Appeal on December 03, 1857, and following the criteria of the German chemist Liebig (Darmstadt, December 5, 1803 - Munich, April 18, 1873), using lime water for the realization of bread, as Spanish bakers have been doing for a long time.
Deseret Evening News July 11, 1903 (Salt Lake City – Utah)
But in our Antipodes, saying Spanish bread, was something else, in 1898 a New Zealand newspaper, Southern Cross, Otago, published the following recipe: One heaped cup of flour, ¾ cup of sugar, ½ lb butter, small teaspoonful powder, 3 eggs, ¼ lb chopped blanched almond (some prefer walnuts). Butter the tin with some of the batter, beat the rest and the sugar to a cream, add eggs beaten, flour with powder. Pour into the tin, and strew almonds or walnuts on top before baking. Bake in a good steady oven for about ¾ of an hour.
This recipe will continue appearing in the New Zealand press, for example in 1902, Otago Witness, varies a bit, the cake tin in addition to spread it of butter, a layer of flour and castor sugar is placed, and the amounts differ, 7 eggs are beaten, 8 ounces of castor sugar are added, and it moves until To obtain a filamentous dough, to that mixture is added 6 ounces of flour, chop 1.5 ounces of almonds on top and bake in a fast oven for ¾ hour. Still in 1917 and 1918 the recipe continued to be published, Auckland Star and Lytteton Times (Canterbury), the ingredients were: ½ lb. of butter, ½ lb. of sugar, 4 eggs, a cup of sweet milk, nearly lb. of flour, 1 teaspoonful of baking powder, almonds. Beat butter and sugar to a cream; add the eggs well beaten, then the milk. Mix the baking powder through the flour, and sift; then work it in gradually. Blanch and chop some almonds and sprinkle over the top. Bake in a moderate oven.
This sweet Spanish bread, not only was from New Zealand in Australia, also was published the recipe as in 1902, Sunday Times (Sydney), Weekly Times (Melbourne), repeat the same recipe that Otago Witness published that year, adding the curiosity, that the eggs and the castor sugar had to be stirred 10 minutes in the container, in a tray with boiling water (a kind of Mary bath).
Clifton Record May 04, 1972 (Clifton – Texas)
Ah, if today you write on Google, "Spanish Bread", what appears to us, it is a sweet bun, whose origin is the Philippines,Bibliography: Minister of Culture of Spain, Library of Congress of United States, National Library of Australia, National Library of New Zealand, National Library of France, National Library of Mexico.
Inspired by Cristina María Luisa Fernández Di Francesco and Ileana Ille Fernández.
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