Estamos acostumbrados hoy en día, a ver en los medios de comunicación, estadísticas de donde es el supermercado o lugar, más barato para comprar, bien sea hecha por el propio medio o alguna organización de consumidores, incluso, todos los meses tenemos la noticia de esa cosa que se llama inflación, para saber si los precios de las cosas suben o bajan.
Nos vamos 180 años atrás, un periódico de Madrid, El Español, publica entre su nacimiento el 01/11/1835, hasta el 04/07/1836, precios de productos en mercados de varios lugares de España, e incluye Asturias.
En Asturias, se reflejaron precios de las siguientes localidades: Oviedo, Gijón, Avilés, Cangas de Onis, Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea), Colunga, Grado, Infiesto (Piloña), Llanes, Luarca (Valdés), Navia, Pola de Lena (Lena), Pola de Siero (Siero), Pravia, Ribadesella, Salas, Tineo, Villaviciosa.
Los productos sobre los que recogieron precios fueron: Trigo, Centeno, Cebada, Escanda, Maíz, Mijo, Habas, Alubias, Guisantes, Garbanzos, Arroz, Patatas, Aceite para comer, Aceite de fábrica, Vino, Vino generoso, Aguardiente, Sidra, Carne de Vaca, Carne de Carnero, Tocino. Además del precio de los jornales.
Los primeros precios son recogidos en la semana entre 16/10 a 24/10/1835, y los últimos del 9/06 a 16/06/1836. Si es verdad que no es una recogida de datos homogénea, tanto en lugares como en fechas.
Y como era la situación, bueno España estaba inmersa en una Guerra Civil, era la 1ª Guerra Carlista (02/10/1833 – 06/07/1840), con lo que la política estaba un poco convulsa, había regencia por parte de la madre de Isabel II (Madrid 10/10/1830 – París 09/04/1904), que era una niña, en ese periodo de recogida de datos hubo más o menos 4 legislaturas 1834-35 (termina 29/05/1835), 1835-36 (12/11/1835 – 27/01/1836), 1836 (17/03/1836 – 23/05/1836) y 1836-37 (empieza 17/10/1836), casi como actualmente.
Ya que vamos a hablar de alimentos, en ese año de 1836, surge la leyenda de la comida del Desarme en Oviedo, aunque la realidad es otra, pero mejor la explica el historiador Emilio Campo (firma Ernesto Conde).
Nos vamos 180 años atrás, un periódico de Madrid, El Español, publica entre su nacimiento el 01/11/1835, hasta el 04/07/1836, precios de productos en mercados de varios lugares de España, e incluye Asturias.
Los productos sobre los que recogieron precios fueron: Trigo, Centeno, Cebada, Escanda, Maíz, Mijo, Habas, Alubias, Guisantes, Garbanzos, Arroz, Patatas, Aceite para comer, Aceite de fábrica, Vino, Vino generoso, Aguardiente, Sidra, Carne de Vaca, Carne de Carnero, Tocino. Además del precio de los jornales.
Los primeros precios son recogidos en la semana entre 16/10 a 24/10/1835, y los últimos del 9/06 a 16/06/1836. Si es verdad que no es una recogida de datos homogénea, tanto en lugares como en fechas.
Y como era la situación, bueno España estaba inmersa en una Guerra Civil, era la 1ª Guerra Carlista (02/10/1833 – 06/07/1840), con lo que la política estaba un poco convulsa, había regencia por parte de la madre de Isabel II (Madrid 10/10/1830 – París 09/04/1904), que era una niña, en ese periodo de recogida de datos hubo más o menos 4 legislaturas 1834-35 (termina 29/05/1835), 1835-36 (12/11/1835 – 27/01/1836), 1836 (17/03/1836 – 23/05/1836) y 1836-37 (empieza 17/10/1836), casi como actualmente.
Ya que vamos a hablar de alimentos, en ese año de 1836, surge la leyenda de la comida del Desarme en Oviedo, aunque la realidad es otra, pero mejor la explica el historiador Emilio Campo (firma Ernesto Conde).
https://www.lne.es/oviedo/2014/06/04/balesquida-descubre-desarme/1595493.html
El Español 06/01/1836, que moderna aquella España, ya con emails, twitter,…
El Español 13/03/1836, RAE (Galón G. B. 4,546 l.), @ (dice Pérez de Castro que equivalía a una cántara, el aceite 12,563 litros). 1 Libra esterlina £ eran 100 reales (El Español 17/04/1836)
El mismo diario, publicaba el 27 de Marzo de 1836, un artículo, ”Estado de industria fabril del Principado de Asturias”, les aviso es muy diferente a la Asturias industriosa de ese mismo s XIX, empieza diciendo, que en las poblaciones asturianas hay multitud de mendigos, y que las artes y fabricas ofrecen un resultado poco ventajoso, aunque parecido a otras provincias Españolas.
El 27/07/1836, el Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo publicaba la R. O. para que se crearan Juntas Superiores de Caridad y Partido, en cada capital de provincia, aunque era de 1833, al volver a aumentar la mendicidad, se republicaba pero con nueva organización y mayores facultades, ya que pocos Gobernadores Civiles las habían establecido y otros tenían consultas sobre su instauración. Uno de los artículos se refería a los mendigos, se debía obtener fondos para socorrerlos, vigilar su conducta, crear una base de datos sobre ellos, destinarlos a la realización de obras civiles, y proporcionales servicios sanitarios.
Pues bien, vamos a decirles a los Asturianos de aquellos años, como si fuéramos un periódico de hoy, donde tendrían que ir a comprar.
El trigo tendrían que ir a comprarlo a Tineo, porque en la primera semana de 1836, estuvo a 19 reales la fanega, y no a Cangas de Onis, porque en la última semana de Mayo de 1836, el precio de la fanega, fue de 84 reales, aunque, creo que fue un error, porque aunque el trigo en ese momento estaba caro, un lugar cercano como Infiesto (Piloña) se pagaba a 64 reales/ fanega, y en Llanes 65. A pesar de que por Tineo pasaron varias partidas Carlistas incluida la de Gómez y que además al proceder de fuera de Asturias necesitaba avituallarse, y no hace falta explicar lo que es una Guerra Civil y los efectos que produce en la vida cotidiana, unos guardias nacionales (isabelinos, liberales) detuvieron en ese Enero, al cura de Barcia (Valdés), que llevaba huido un año de su parroquia, se le buscaba por carlista.
El centeno tendrían que ir a comprarlo a Pola de Siero entre el 1/01/1836 y 8/01/1836, o Pravia entre 08/02/1836 y 15/02/1836, su precio era de 15 reales/fanega, mientras que el más caro era en Gijón entre 08/02/1836 y 15/02/1836 a 32 reales, sorprende la diferencia en las mismas fecha más del doble y en lugares relativamente cercanos.
La cebada, pues a Avilés del 16 al 24/10/1835 o a Ribadesella entre el 1 y 8/01/1836, por 17 reales/fanega, en este caso mejor haber esperado una semana porque el lugar más caro, era Ribadesella justo una semana antes, 36 reales, curioso. En esa semana de Enero, hizo mucho frío, en Avilés se heló parte de la ría, pudiéndose correr por encima del hielo.
La tan asturiana escanda, en Pola de Siero en la primera semana de febrero a 20 reales/ fanega, y no en Cangas de Onis, en la última semana de mayo, estaba a 69 reales fanega. Aunque por aquellos años se decía se estaba reduciendo su cultivo en Cantabria, se vendía en otros lugares alejados de Asturias, en la segunda semana de febrero como Córdoba 16, y varios lugares de su provincia, Baena 15, Lucena 16. Pero incluso en Lerida y Gerona.
El casi ya asturiano maíz, había que ir a Grado a principios de marzo, estaba a 12 reales/fanega, por mayo estaban las cosas caras por Cangas de Onis 44. En algunos lugares, como Cantabria, se usaba como pago a los maestros, como el caso de la de Peña Castillo, además de los 100 ducados anuales (1.100 reales, 275 pesetas), un celemín de maíz por niño asistente (4,625 l. RAE). En ese año el Boletín Oficial de Guadalajara, recomendaba sembrar las habichuelas con el maíz, aquellos que sean de Asturias, y hayan tenido relación con el campo, les sonara.
Un producto que no tenía mucha variación de precio era el mijo, que se vendía entre 18 y 20 reales, y no en todos los sitios, Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea), Tineo, Pravia, Avilés, Villaviciosa, Llanes. En 1836 la publicación El instructor que se publicaba en Londres, que el pan de mijo era el habitual de los labradores Portugueses.
Las habas (en Asturias Fabas de Mayo), nos tendríamos que desplazar a Pola de Lena antes del 16/10/1835, y pagar 18 reales - fanega, y no pasar por Salas haya por la última semana de mayo en 1836 que se cobraba a 56. En un reglamento del Ayuntamiento de Oviedo, de 1840, las habas se vendían en El Fontán.
Y si en aquellos tiempos quisieran hacer una fabada, lo recomendable Gijón, Colunga, Villaviciosa, donde en varias ocasiones el precio de las alubias era de 20 reales - fanega, y parece que la última semana de mayo, Cangas de Onis revisando los datos hubo mucha carestía en los productos, las alubias llegaron a 58 reales, cuando por esa fecha en Oviedo estaban a 42, Ribadesella 48, y Villaviciosa 56 reales.
Los guisantes tendríamos que ir a Pola de Lena, Avilés o Cangas de Tineo (Cangas de Narcea) a 30 reales - fanega, sería bueno recordar la fama que tienen los guisantes de Llanos de Someron, en el concejo de Lena, en Avilés fluctuaban mucho, ya que a mediados de marzo de 1836 llegaron a 62 reales. Un manual del agricultor asturiano de 1864, decía que no se cultivaban mucho en Asturias, y que los mejores eran los de la zona de Pajares (Lena) y del concejo de Tameza.
El cocido era bueno pasarse por Gijón, ya que por el 8 de marzo los garbanzos nos costarían 24 reales - fanega, en cambio tan cerca como Avilés en ese tiempo costaban 98 reales, pero en ese momento en Pravia costaba 74, Oviedo 64, Luarca 86 y en cambio Navia 30, se pueden ver las grandes diferencias. Y podríamos haber comprado la olla en el mismo Gijón, porque en la zona de Fano se hacía alfarería, loza, también en Solis (Corvera), loza entrefina en Siero, alfarería vidriada en Avilés y Miranda (Avilés). En Oviedo, Ceceda (Nava), San Martín del Mar (Villaviciosa) y Llanes, se fabricaban ollas y utensilios de cocina de barro, tejas, ladrillos y baldosas.
Para hacer una paella otra vez a Gijón, 24 reales arroba, en la segunda semana de abril, en cambio no pasar por Ribadesella en la navidad de 1835, ni al final de marzo por Llanes, ya que el arroz estaba a 70 reales - arroba. En verdad paella es el nombre de útil de cocina donde se hace el arroz, y quizás en aquellos tiempos habría que ir al Concejo de Corvera, en la parroquia de Solis y en el lugar de Bidriero (parroquia de Molleda), se hacían 18.000 calderas, chocolateras y otros utensilios de cocina, que consumían 50.000 libras (34.500 kg) de material, exportando 11.000 a Galicia y Castilla. Existían manufacturas de hierro en Siero, Mieres y Grado. Y en la zona Occidental siempre fue tradición el trabajo del hierro, entre los Concejos de Castropol, Taramundi, San Martín de Oscos, Boal y El Franco había 7 herrerías, que fundían de 800 a 850 quintales (11.502 a 12.221 kg.), y 25 martinetes, que preparaban de 150 a 200 quintales (2.157 a 2876 kg.). Incluso hubo una fábrica de hojas de lata, ya no funcionaba en Cangas de Tineo (hoy Cangas del Narcea).
Patatas, el menor precio en varias localidades de Asturias eran de 1 real – arroba, en cambio tuvieron un precio muy caro en la última semana de mayo en Villaviciosa se llegó 14 reales, mientras que en esas misma fechas en lugares cercanos el precio era Ribadesella 5, Colunga 6 y Llanes 9, incluso fuera de la zona en Grado estaban a 7 reales. Parece que exportábamos patatas desde la zona Occidental, el 3 de septiembre de 1836, entra en el puerto de Santander, un quechemarín (RAE, Embarcación pequeña de 2 palos, con velas al tercio, algunos foques en un botalón a proa, y gavias volantes en tiempos bonancibles) desde Luarca con patatas. En ese momento, los cultivadores de patata tenían exención del diezmo (RAE, Tributo del diez por ciento que sobre el valor de ciertas mercancías recibía el rey).
El aceite para comer, no especifica de qué clase de semilla, si de oliva o de otra, en varias ocasiones en ese tiempo en Pola de Lena o de Siero, era 44 reales - arroba, en cambio en Grado a principios de año o en Cangas de Tineo en la primera semana de febrero, el precio era 80 reales - arroba. En Madrid el aceite tenía un precio más alto dentro de la ciudad que fuera.
El aceite para fábrica, a mediados de abril había que ir Avilés, a 36 reales – arroba, en cambio en mayo casi duplico el precio hasta 60 tanto en Avilés como en Cangas de Onis. Quizás ese menor precio puede deberse a que en Avilés había una industria textil, se tejían al año 7.000 varas de lienzo (5.845 m.), 2.000 (1.670 m.) de servilletas, manteles y toallas de mediana calidad, 1.000 (835 m.) de la fina, y 10.000 (8.350 m.) de beatilla, 6.000 pares de calcetines, y se hilan 2.000 libras (1.380 kg.) de hilo. En Luanco (Gozón) y Candas (Carreño) se hilan 4.000 libras (2.760 kg.) de hilo, y un 1/3 menos que en Avilés del resto de artículos. Entre los Concejos de Nava, Valdés, Castropol y El Franco se tejen hasta las 600.000 varas (501.000 m.) de lienzos ordinarios. En Villaviciosa la fábrica de hilados de algodón había cerrado en 1836. En varios lugares había telares de sayal, paño basto, mantas ordinarias, para uso local y a precio acomodado.
El vino común de los 16 reales arroba, de Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea) a mediados de junio, hay recordar que Cangas del Narcea era y es tierra de vino, en Asturias. En cambio en Colunga por la Navidad de 1835 era de 45 reales arroba, es verdad que en esas fechas Villaviciosa era 30, Llanes 32, Ribadesella 34. Según el artículo de estado de Asturias “En Ibias, Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea), Candamo se coge vino, entre 10.000 a 12.000 cantaros, el vino tinto flojo que se coge en algunos concejos del Principado.”, las medidas varían de un concejo a otro, cantaro va desde 15,6 l a 19,3 l, más o menos de 175.000 l a 210.000 l.
En lo referente al vino generoso, se produce una inflación muy grande en ese periodo, porque el precio más barato y el más caro está en Oviedo y en un periodo corto, 20 reales - arroba del 8/03 al 15/03/1836, en cambio la semana anterior el precio era de 80 reales, precio que no fue puntual entre octubre de 1835 hasta marzo de 1836.
Para aquellos que necesitaban algo más fuerte, el aguardiente había que acercase a Villaviciosa ya que entre 15 de diciembre y el 31, a 32 reales arroba, en cambio a mediados de marzo de 1836, en Oviedo había casi ley seca, el precio era 80 reales arroba, en otros lugares como Pravia era de 50 y no digamos en Navia 42.
Y claro estamos hablando de Asturias, y que se bebe en Asturias, pues eso, la sidra, había que ir Ribadesella y Pola de Siero, estaba a 2 reales arroba, en cambio en Oviedo llegó a 12 reales. El periódico solo menciona un lugar con el precio de venta, fuera de Asturias, es en Santander y era 20 reales. En febrero de 1836 se enviaba sidra a Santander, Bilbao, San Sebastián desde Gijón y Villaviciosa. Incluso desde Ribadesella, enviamos para hacer las pipas que era la unidad de medida típica de la sidra, el 3 de septiembre de 1836, llegó a Santander desde Ribadesella, un quechemarían con duelas (Cada una de las tablas que forman las paredes curvas de las pipas, cubas, barriles)
En Villaviciosa se recogían 10.000 pipas de sidra, unos 4.750.000 l, era el concejo con más producción. También se recogía en Gijón y Oviedo.
Y las carnes, bueno pues lo resumía en carne de vaca, de carnero, y además el tocino, que era fundamental en el día a día, que funcionaba como aceite, no era habitual el aceite de oliva, para la cocina como hoy, era más usado en perfumería o farmacia. La vaca había que comprarla en Luarca que en varias ocasiones su precio era 18 maravedíes libra, que tiene los extremos porque a mediados de marzo llego a 2 reales y 4 maravedíes. El carnero no había que ir muy lejos en Navia era 20 maravedíes libra, en cambio llega a 1 real 6 maravedíes en varios sitios Llanes, Cangas de Onis, Grado, Pravia, Tineo.
El precio de tocino variaba entre los 2 reales libra a 6 reales, en varias localidades asturianas.
En octubre de 1836, la ciudad de Oviedo entregó a las tropas isabelinas del general José María Peón, que estuvieron en la ciudad un día y medio, 12.000 raciones de carne y 6.994 de tocino.
Los jornales variaban entre los 2 y los 5 reales, también hay que decir, que no siempre el lugar con mayor salario es mejor, también hay que tener en cuenta el coste de la vida de dicho lugar, en este caso en Salas, Llanes y Gijón, se llegaron a pagar 5 reales, mientras que los 2 son para Pola de Lena que era lo habitual, Tineo, Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea) y Pravia. Vamos a mirar cómo era comprar cosas en estos lugares con los datos que nos aporta el periódico.
Como la conversión de pesos y medidas es bastante complicada, ya que en España cada provincia tenía sus equivalencias, en Asturias pasaba lo mismo con los concejos, voy a unificar lo máximo posible, siguiendo la recopilación que realizó Pérez de Castro, en su “Pesos y medidas populares de Asturias”. En Gijón, la fanega eran 74,8 litros, los cereales se medían en volumen, 1 arroba eran 17,25 kg, y en el caso del aceite y los líquidos nos dice Pérez de Castro que equivalía a una cántara, el aceite 12,563 litros, el vino 18,408 litros, el aguardiente 16,080 litros, sidra 19,598 litros. 1 libra eran 0,690 kg. Y una peseta eran 4 reales, y un real 34 maravedíes. Uso para Pola de Lena las mismas medidas que Gijón.
En Gijón, podría comprar 4,320 kg de vaca, 1,18 kg de tocino, 1,02 l de aceite, 24,33 kg de patatas, 2,86 kg de arroz, 13,30 l de alubias, 17,20 l de maíz, 10,44 l de escanda, y 11,25 l de trigo. En Gijón había una tenería (curtidora) de pieles, además una sombrerería, hubo una fábrica de botellas y vidrios planos, pero había cerrado debido al privilegio concedido a la de La Coruña.
En Pola de Lena, podría comprar 1,940 kg de vaca, 0,790 kg de tocino, 0,400 l de aceite, 12,710 kg de patatas, 4,700 l de alubias, 7,12 l de maíz, 5,090 l de escanda y 5,610 l de trigo. Quizás algún zapatero, ya que los concejos de Lena, Noreña y Nava, se hacían zapatos para consumo en la propia región. El 8 de enero de 1836, salieron desde Oviedo para Valladolid 4.758 pares de zapatos, enviados por el comisario de guerra y que pertenecían a la contrata realizada a los zapateros de Noreña, que era de 3.000 zapatos mensuales.
Aunque no figuraba en el periódico precios del pescado, en Asturias si se hacía negocio con el pescado, en Ribadesella se pescaba salmón, y también en Pravia, el salmón deja de 10.000 a 12.000 ducados, (110.000 a 132.000 reales), aunque no existía si lo pasamos a pesetas eran de 27.500 a 33.000 pesetas. En Cudillero, Luanco (Gozón), Candas (Carreño) pesca besugo, dejando 49.000 ducados, 539.000 reales, 134.750 pesetas.
Y no nos dice nada de la leche y sus derivados, pero en aquellos años, la salazón de manteca, estaba creciendo, presentando competencia a la Holandesa, la fábrica principal estaba en Allence (hay un error es Allande) que exportaba al Levante y al resto del país.
Diario de Avisos de Madrid 19/05/1836 El Español 05/06/1836
En aquellos tiempos, las casas eran autosuficientes dentro de lo posible, e incluso se intentaba obtener algún dinero extra, no solo con los excedentes agrícolas, sino con ciertos trabajos manuales, así en el artículo de la situación industria, los labradores de toda la provincia entre sus muchos trabajos elaboran duernas, palas, horcates, duelas, zuecos o zapatos de madera (madreñas) llegando su número entre 125.000 a 180.000 pares. También había artesanos del azabache en Villaverde (Villaviciosa), pero venida a menos por la bajada de la exportación a América.
Había otras industrias, como en Oviedo existía una fábrica de armas de fuego, estatal, con una producción de 12.000 fusiles, pudiendo llegar al doble. En Trubia (en aquel momento no pertenecía al Concejo de Oviedo sino al de Grado), había una fundición estatal de municiones, que daba poca ocupación. Hay que recordar que en un principio esta fábrica era de cañones, y que quedó paralizada después de la Guerra Independencia (1808-14) y volvería a florecer, con la llegada a su dirección del General Francisco Elorza Aguirre (Oñate 03/01/1798 – Madrid 3/11/1873) en 1845.
Existían otras fábricas de diversos productos, por ejemplo, en Pianton (Vegadeo) había una fábrica de papel de estraza, estracilla y blanco, produciendo 800 resmas de 1ª clase, 300 de 2ª y unas 200 de la blanca. Según la RAE (Real Academia Española) 1 resma de papel son 20 manos de papel, una mano de papel son 5 cuadernillos, un cuadernillo son 5 pliegos, por lo tanto una resma son 500 pliegos.
En Oviedo había dos fábricas de sombreros, una fábrica de gorras blancas, y 2 tenerías (curtidoras) con una producción de 4.000 pieles, aunque no era exclusivo de la capital, como leímos antes en Gijón, había dos en Navia que daban 1.900 pieles adobadas, y otra en Avilés, no tiene nada que ver con la que hoy es centro de empresas.
El artículo de la industria menciona el lugar de Vega sin especificar el concejo, este topónimo existe en la mayoría de los concejos asturianos, incluso un concejo como Riosa, su capital, tiene ese nombre, La Vega, en este caso se hacía todos los años 700 arrobas de jabón sin fuego.
Tampoco nos habla del carbón, bueno carbón de piedra como se decía, en aquellos tiempos, que ya se extraía en Asturias, en 1835, por el puerto de Gijón se embarcó carbón para los vapores de crucero, procedente del Concejo de Langreo, por valor de más de 750.000 reales (187.500 pesetas) y todavía no existía la carretera carbonera, en ese momento se pedía presupuesto para una carretera entre Langreo y Gijón. En Avilés en los primeros días del mes de enero de 1836, se embarcaba carbón a buques Franceses para Adra (Almería) http://www.adraturismo.com/descubrenos/historia.html, el carbón procedía de Arnao (Castrillón) http://museominadearnao.es/historia-y-paisaje/ y Santa María del Mar (Castrillón), parece que le precio puesto abordo en Avilés de un quintal de carbón era de 2,5 reales. Tal era ya la importancia que empezaba a tener la extracción minera del carbón, que también surgía a la vez el tema de la importación, que acompañará a la industria extractiva Asturiana durante toda su vida, en marzo de 1836 se publica que la Sociedad Económica de Oviedo, Gijón, y el Ayuntamiento de Avilés y otros de la provincia y la diputación, van a representar a S. M. suplicando que se digne derogar la R. O. de 31 de enero de 1836, según la cual se permite a la empresa del vapor, titulado el Balear, la libre introducción del carbón de piedra extranjero. El Balear el director de la empresa era Francisco Granell.
Según la OCU (Organización de consumidores y usuarios) en 2019, los supermercados más baratos estaban en San Martín del Rey Aurelio, Oviedo, Gijón y Avilés.
Bibliografia: Biblioteca Nacional, Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo.
DESPUÉS DE LA VERSIÓN EN INGLÉS, HAY UNA TABLA DE ELABORACIÓN PROPIA, CON PRECIOS DE LOS PRODUCTOS Y LUGARES.
I apoligize for my English
We are used today, to see in the media, statistics of where the supermarket or place is, cheaper to buy, whether made by the own means or some consumer organization, even, every month we have the news of that thing called inflation, to know if the prices of things go up or down.
We go 180 years ago, a newspaper from Madrid, El Español publishes between its birth on November 01, 1835 until July 04, 1836, prices of products in markets in various places in Spain, and includes Asturias.
The first prices are collected in the week between October 16 to October 24, 1835, and the last from June 9 to June 16, 1836. If it is true that it is not a homogeneous data collection, both in places and dates.
with what the policy was a little unstable, there was regency on the part of the mother of Isabel II (Madrid, October 10,1830 – Paris, April 09, 1904), who was a girl, in that period of data collection there were more or less 4 legislatures 1834-35 (ends May 29, 1835), 1835-36 (November 12, 1835 – January 27, 1836), 1836 (March 17, 1836 – May 23, 1836) and 1836-37 (begins October 17, 1836), almost as currently.
Since we are going to talk about food, in that year of 1836, the legend of the food of Disarmament in Oviedo arises, although the reality is different, but better, it is explained by the historian Emilio Campo (firm Ernesto Conde).
The same newspaper published on March 27, 1836, an article "State of manufacturing industry of the Principality of Asturias", notice is very different from the industrious Asturias of the same nineteenth century, he begins by saying, that in the Asturian populations there are many of beggars, and that the arts and factories offer a little advantageous result, although similar to other Spanish provinces.
On July 27, 1836, the Official Gazette of the Province of Oviedo published the RO so that Superior Charity and Party Boards were created, in each provincial capital, although it was of 1833, when begging increased again, it was republished but with new organization and greater faculties, since few Civil Governors had established them and others had questions about their establishment. One of the articles referred to beggars, funds had to be obtained to help them, monitor their behavior, create a database of them, allocate them to jobs in civil works, and providing them health services.
Well, let's tell the Asturians of those years, as if we were a newspaper today, where they would have to go shopping.
Wheat would have to go to buy it in Tineo, because in the first week of 1836, the bushel was at 19 reales (currency), and not at Cangas de Onis, because in the last week of May, 1836, the bushel price was 84 reales (currency), though, I think it was a mistake, because although the wheat at that time was expensive, a nearby place like Infiesto (Piloña) was paid at 64 reales / bushel, and in Llanes 65. Although several times passed through Tineo, Carlistas military units including Gomez, and that in addition, as proceeding from outside of Asturias needed to be supplied, and it is not necessary to explain what a Civil War is and the effects it produces in everyday life, some national guards (Elizabethans, liberals) arrested at that January, the priest of Barcia (Valdés), who more a year ago that had fled from his parish, was sought by Carlist.
Barley, well to Aviles from 16 to October 24, 1835 or to Ribadesella between 1 and January 8, 1836, for 17 reales / bushel, in this case better to have waited a week because the place more expensive, it was Ribadesella just a week before, 36 reales, curious. In that week of January, it was very cold, in Avilés part of the estuary froze, being able to run over the ice.
The so Asturian, spelt (escanda), in Pola de Siero in the first week of February at 20 reales / bushel, and not in Cangas de Onis, in the last week of May, was 69 bushel. Although in those years it was said that its cultivation was being reduced in Cantabria, it was sold in other places far from Asturias, in the second week of February as Córdoba to 16, and several places in its province, Baena 15, Lucena 16. But even in Lerida and Gerona.
The almost already Asturian, corn, had to go to Grado at the beginning of March, was at 12 reales / bushel, by May things were expensive by Cangas de Onis 44. In some places, such as Cantabria, it was used as payment to teachers, as in the case of Peña Castillo, in addition to the 100 ducados - annual (1,100 reales, 275 pesetas), one celemin of corn per child assistant (4,625 l. RAE ). In that year the Official Gazette of Guadalajara, recommended sowing beans with corn, those that are from Asturias, and have had a relationship with the field, it will sound them.
A product that did not have much variation in price was the millet, which was sold between 18 and 20 reales, and not everywhere, Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea), Tineo, Pravia, Aviles, Villaviciosa, Llanes. In 1836 the publication The Instructor that was published in London, that millet bread was the usual of the Portuguese farmers.
The habas (in Asturias - Fabas de Mayo – Beans of May), we would have to go to Pola de Lena before October 16,1835, and pay 18 reales - bushel, and not pass by Salas for the last week of May in 1836 that was charged at 56. In a regulation of the City of Oviedo, of 1840, habas were sold in El Fontan.
And if in those days they wanted to make a fabada, advisable Gijón, Colunga, Villaviciosa, where on several occasions the price of beans was 20 reales – bushel, and it seems that the last week of May, Cangas de Onis reviewing the data there was a lot of shortage in the products, the beans reached 58 reales, when in that time in Oviedo they were 42, Ribadesella 48, and Villaviciosa 56 reales.
The peas, we would have to go to Pola de Lena, Avilés or Cangas de Tineo (Cangas de Narcea) at 30 reales - bushel, it would be good to remember the fame that peas have from Llanos de Someron, in the council of Lena, in Avilés they fluctuated a lot, since in mid-March 1836 they reached 62 reais. A manual of the Asturian farmer of 1864, said that they were not cultivated much in Asturias, and that the best were those of the area of Pajares (Lena) and the council of Tameza.
The stew was good to go through Gijón, since on March 8 the chickpeas would cost us 24 reales - bushel, however as close as Aviles at that time cost 98 reales, but at that time in Pravia it cost 74, Oviedo 64, Luarca 86 and instead Navia 30, it cans be seen the big differences. And we could have bought the pot in the same Gijón, because in the area of Fano pottery was made, pottery, also in Solis (Corvera), pottery pottery in Siero, glazed pottery in Avilés and Miranda (Avilés). In Oviedo, Ceceda (Nava), San Martín del Mar (Villaviciosa) and Llanes, were manufactured pots and cook utensils of clay, tiles, bricks and floor tiles.
En aquellos tiempos, las casas eran autosuficientes dentro de lo posible, e incluso se intentaba obtener algún dinero extra, no solo con los excedentes agrícolas, sino con ciertos trabajos manuales, así en el artículo de la situación industria, los labradores de toda la provincia entre sus muchos trabajos elaboran duernas, palas, horcates, duelas, zuecos o zapatos de madera (madreñas) llegando su número entre 125.000 a 180.000 pares. También había artesanos del azabache en Villaverde (Villaviciosa), pero venida a menos por la bajada de la exportación a América.
Había otras industrias, como en Oviedo existía una fábrica de armas de fuego, estatal, con una producción de 12.000 fusiles, pudiendo llegar al doble. En Trubia (en aquel momento no pertenecía al Concejo de Oviedo sino al de Grado), había una fundición estatal de municiones, que daba poca ocupación. Hay que recordar que en un principio esta fábrica era de cañones, y que quedó paralizada después de la Guerra Independencia (1808-14) y volvería a florecer, con la llegada a su dirección del General Francisco Elorza Aguirre (Oñate 03/01/1798 – Madrid 3/11/1873) en 1845.
Existían otras fábricas de diversos productos, por ejemplo, en Pianton (Vegadeo) había una fábrica de papel de estraza, estracilla y blanco, produciendo 800 resmas de 1ª clase, 300 de 2ª y unas 200 de la blanca. Según la RAE (Real Academia Española) 1 resma de papel son 20 manos de papel, una mano de papel son 5 cuadernillos, un cuadernillo son 5 pliegos, por lo tanto una resma son 500 pliegos.
En Oviedo había dos fábricas de sombreros, una fábrica de gorras blancas, y 2 tenerías (curtidoras) con una producción de 4.000 pieles, aunque no era exclusivo de la capital, como leímos antes en Gijón, había dos en Navia que daban 1.900 pieles adobadas, y otra en Avilés, no tiene nada que ver con la que hoy es centro de empresas.
El artículo de la industria menciona el lugar de Vega sin especificar el concejo, este topónimo existe en la mayoría de los concejos asturianos, incluso un concejo como Riosa, su capital, tiene ese nombre, La Vega, en este caso se hacía todos los años 700 arrobas de jabón sin fuego.
Tampoco nos habla del carbón, bueno carbón de piedra como se decía, en aquellos tiempos, que ya se extraía en Asturias, en 1835, por el puerto de Gijón se embarcó carbón para los vapores de crucero, procedente del Concejo de Langreo, por valor de más de 750.000 reales (187.500 pesetas) y todavía no existía la carretera carbonera, en ese momento se pedía presupuesto para una carretera entre Langreo y Gijón. En Avilés en los primeros días del mes de enero de 1836, se embarcaba carbón a buques Franceses para Adra (Almería) http://www.adraturismo.com/descubrenos/historia.html, el carbón procedía de Arnao (Castrillón) http://museominadearnao.es/historia-y-paisaje/ y Santa María del Mar (Castrillón), parece que le precio puesto abordo en Avilés de un quintal de carbón era de 2,5 reales. Tal era ya la importancia que empezaba a tener la extracción minera del carbón, que también surgía a la vez el tema de la importación, que acompañará a la industria extractiva Asturiana durante toda su vida, en marzo de 1836 se publica que la Sociedad Económica de Oviedo, Gijón, y el Ayuntamiento de Avilés y otros de la provincia y la diputación, van a representar a S. M. suplicando que se digne derogar la R. O. de 31 de enero de 1836, según la cual se permite a la empresa del vapor, titulado el Balear, la libre introducción del carbón de piedra extranjero. El Balear el director de la empresa era Francisco Granell.
Según la OCU (Organización de consumidores y usuarios) en 2019, los supermercados más baratos estaban en San Martín del Rey Aurelio, Oviedo, Gijón y Avilés.
Bibliografia: Biblioteca Nacional, Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo.
DESPUÉS DE LA VERSIÓN EN INGLÉS, HAY UNA TABLA DE ELABORACIÓN PROPIA, CON PRECIOS DE LOS PRODUCTOS Y LUGARES.
I apoligize for my English
We are used today, to see in the media, statistics of where the supermarket or place is, cheaper to buy, whether made by the own means or some consumer organization, even, every month we have the news of that thing called inflation, to know if the prices of things go up or down.
We go 180 years ago, a newspaper from Madrid, El Español publishes between its birth on November 01, 1835 until July 04, 1836, prices of products in markets in various places in Spain, and includes Asturias.
In Asturias, prices from the following locations were reflected: Oviedo, Gijón, Avilés, Cangas de Onis, Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea), Colunga, Grado, Infiesto (Piloña), Llanes, Luarca (Valdés), Navia, Pola de Lena (Lena), Pola de Siero (Siero), Pravia, Ribadesella, Salas, Tineo, Villaviciosa.
The products on which, they collected prices were: Wheat, Rye, Barley, Spelled, Corn, Millet, Beans (Habas), Beans (Alubias), Peas, Chickpeas, Rice, Potatoes, Oil for eating, Factory oil, Wine, Generous wine, Schnapps, Cider, Beef, Ram Meat, Fat. In addition to, the price of wages.The first prices are collected in the week between October 16 to October 24, 1835, and the last from June 9 to June 16, 1836. If it is true that it is not a homogeneous data collection, both in places and dates.
with what the policy was a little unstable, there was regency on the part of the mother of Isabel II (Madrid, October 10,1830 – Paris, April 09, 1904), who was a girl, in that period of data collection there were more or less 4 legislatures 1834-35 (ends May 29, 1835), 1835-36 (November 12, 1835 – January 27, 1836), 1836 (March 17, 1836 – May 23, 1836) and 1836-37 (begins October 17, 1836), almost as currently.
Since we are going to talk about food, in that year of 1836, the legend of the food of Disarmament in Oviedo arises, although the reality is different, but better, it is explained by the historian Emilio Campo (firm Ernesto Conde).
The same newspaper published on March 27, 1836, an article "State of manufacturing industry of the Principality of Asturias", notice is very different from the industrious Asturias of the same nineteenth century, he begins by saying, that in the Asturian populations there are many of beggars, and that the arts and factories offer a little advantageous result, although similar to other Spanish provinces.
On July 27, 1836, the Official Gazette of the Province of Oviedo published the RO so that Superior Charity and Party Boards were created, in each provincial capital, although it was of 1833, when begging increased again, it was republished but with new organization and greater faculties, since few Civil Governors had established them and others had questions about their establishment. One of the articles referred to beggars, funds had to be obtained to help them, monitor their behavior, create a database of them, allocate them to jobs in civil works, and providing them health services.
Well, let's tell the Asturians of those years, as if we were a newspaper today, where they would have to go shopping.
Wheat would have to go to buy it in Tineo, because in the first week of 1836, the bushel was at 19 reales (currency), and not at Cangas de Onis, because in the last week of May, 1836, the bushel price was 84 reales (currency), though, I think it was a mistake, because although the wheat at that time was expensive, a nearby place like Infiesto (Piloña) was paid at 64 reales / bushel, and in Llanes 65. Although several times passed through Tineo, Carlistas military units including Gomez, and that in addition, as proceeding from outside of Asturias needed to be supplied, and it is not necessary to explain what a Civil War is and the effects it produces in everyday life, some national guards (Elizabethans, liberals) arrested at that January, the priest of Barcia (Valdés), who more a year ago that had fled from his parish, was sought by Carlist.
Barley, well to Aviles from 16 to October 24, 1835 or to Ribadesella between 1 and January 8, 1836, for 17 reales / bushel, in this case better to have waited a week because the place more expensive, it was Ribadesella just a week before, 36 reales, curious. In that week of January, it was very cold, in Avilés part of the estuary froze, being able to run over the ice.
The so Asturian, spelt (escanda), in Pola de Siero in the first week of February at 20 reales / bushel, and not in Cangas de Onis, in the last week of May, was 69 bushel. Although in those years it was said that its cultivation was being reduced in Cantabria, it was sold in other places far from Asturias, in the second week of February as Córdoba to 16, and several places in its province, Baena 15, Lucena 16. But even in Lerida and Gerona.
The almost already Asturian, corn, had to go to Grado at the beginning of March, was at 12 reales / bushel, by May things were expensive by Cangas de Onis 44. In some places, such as Cantabria, it was used as payment to teachers, as in the case of Peña Castillo, in addition to the 100 ducados - annual (1,100 reales, 275 pesetas), one celemin of corn per child assistant (4,625 l. RAE ). In that year the Official Gazette of Guadalajara, recommended sowing beans with corn, those that are from Asturias, and have had a relationship with the field, it will sound them.
A product that did not have much variation in price was the millet, which was sold between 18 and 20 reales, and not everywhere, Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea), Tineo, Pravia, Aviles, Villaviciosa, Llanes. In 1836 the publication The Instructor that was published in London, that millet bread was the usual of the Portuguese farmers.
The habas (in Asturias - Fabas de Mayo – Beans of May), we would have to go to Pola de Lena before October 16,1835, and pay 18 reales - bushel, and not pass by Salas for the last week of May in 1836 that was charged at 56. In a regulation of the City of Oviedo, of 1840, habas were sold in El Fontan.
And if in those days they wanted to make a fabada, advisable Gijón, Colunga, Villaviciosa, where on several occasions the price of beans was 20 reales – bushel, and it seems that the last week of May, Cangas de Onis reviewing the data there was a lot of shortage in the products, the beans reached 58 reales, when in that time in Oviedo they were 42, Ribadesella 48, and Villaviciosa 56 reales.
The peas, we would have to go to Pola de Lena, Avilés or Cangas de Tineo (Cangas de Narcea) at 30 reales - bushel, it would be good to remember the fame that peas have from Llanos de Someron, in the council of Lena, in Avilés they fluctuated a lot, since in mid-March 1836 they reached 62 reais. A manual of the Asturian farmer of 1864, said that they were not cultivated much in Asturias, and that the best were those of the area of Pajares (Lena) and the council of Tameza.
The stew was good to go through Gijón, since on March 8 the chickpeas would cost us 24 reales - bushel, however as close as Aviles at that time cost 98 reales, but at that time in Pravia it cost 74, Oviedo 64, Luarca 86 and instead Navia 30, it cans be seen the big differences. And we could have bought the pot in the same Gijón, because in the area of Fano pottery was made, pottery, also in Solis (Corvera), pottery pottery in Siero, glazed pottery in Avilés and Miranda (Avilés). In Oviedo, Ceceda (Nava), San Martín del Mar (Villaviciosa) and Llanes, were manufactured pots and cook utensils of clay, tiles, bricks and floor tiles.
El Español, January 06, 1836, it was modern, Spain, already with emails, twitter,…
To make a paella again to Gijón, 24 reales - arroba @, in the second week of April, instead do not go through Ribadesella at Christmas 1835, or at the end of March to Llanes, since the rice was at 70 reales - arroba . In truth, paella is the name of the kitchen utensil where rice is made, and perhaps in those days it would be necessary to go to Council of Corvera, in the parish of Solis and in the place of Bidriero (parish of Molleda), 18,000 units were made, boilers, chocolate makers and other kitchen utensils, which consumed 50,000 pounds (34,500 kg) of material, exporting 11,000 to Galicia and Castile. There were iron manufactures in Siero, Mieres and Grado. And in the Western zone, iron work was always a tradition, among the Councils of Castropol, Taramundi, San Martín de Oscos, Boal and El Franco there were 7 blacksmith shops, which melted 800 to 850 quintals (11,502 to 12,221 kg.), And 25 mallets, who prepared 150 to 200 quintals (2,157 to 2876 kg.). There was even a tin sheet factory, which it no longer worked in Cangas de Tineo (today Cangas del Narcea).
Potatoes, the lowest price in several locations in Asturias were 1 real - arroba, however they had a very expensive price in the last week of May in Villaviciosa 14 reais were reached, while on those same dates in nearby places the price was Ribadesella 5, Colunga 6 and Llanes 9, even outside the area in Grado were 7 reais. It seems that we were exporting potatoes from the Western Zone, on September 3, 1836, a quechemarín (RAE, Small boat with 2 sticks, with sails to the third, some jibs in a boom at the bow, and flyers topsail, in calm weather) enters the port of Santander, from Luarca with potatoes. In this moment, Potato growers were exempted from tithing (RAE, Tax of ten percent on the value of certain goods, that was received by the king).
The oil to eat, does not specify what kind of seed, if of olive or otherwise, on several occasions at that time in Pola de Lena or Siero, was 44 reales - @, in Grado at the beginning of the year or in Cangas de Tineo in the first week of February, the price was 80 reales - @. In Madrid oil had a higher price within the city that outside.
El Español, March 13, 1836, RAE (Gallon G. B. 4,546 l.), @ (said Pérez de Castro which was equivalent to a pitcher, the oil 12,563 l.). 1 Pound sterling £ were 100 reales (El Español April 17, 1836)
The oil for factory, in mid-April, Avilés had to go to 36 reales - @, however in May almost double the price up to 60 in both Avilés and Cangas de Onis. Perhaps that lower price may be due to the fact that in Avilés there was a textile industry, 7,000 sticks wands (5,845 m.), 2,000 (1,670 m.) of napkins, tablecloths and towels of medium quality, 1,000 (835 m. ) of quality, and 10,000 (8,350 m.) of beatilla, 6,000 pairs of socks, and 2,000 pounds (1,380 kg.) of yarn are spun. In Luanco (Gozón) and Candas (Carreño) 4,000 pounds (2,760 kg.) of yarn are spun, and 1/3 less than in Aviles of the rest of the articles. Between the Councils of Nava, Valdés, Castropol and El Franco, up to 600,000 sticks (501,000 m.) Of ordinary canvases are woven. In Villaviciosa the cotton yarn factory had closed in 1836. In several places there were looms of sayal, coarse cloth, ordinary blankets, for local use and at an affordable price.
The common wine of the 16 reales - @, from Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea) in mid-June, remember that Cangas del Narcea was and is a land of wine, in Asturias. On the other hand, in Colunga for Christmas in 1835 it was 45 reales - @, it is true that at that time Villaviciosa was 30, Llanes 32, Ribadesella 34. According to the article of situation of Asturias “In Ibias, Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea) , Candamo, is harvested, wine, between 10,000 and 12,000 pitchers, weak red wine that is taken in some Councils of the Principality. ”, The measures vary from one council to another, pitcher ranging from 15.6 to 19.3 l, more or less than 175,000 to 210,000 l.
With regard to the generous wine, there is a very large inflation in that period, because the cheapest and most expensive price is in Oviedo and in a short period, 20 reales - @ from March 8 to March 15, 1836, on the other hand the previous week the price was 80 reales, a price that was not punctual between October 1835 until March 1836.
For those who needed something stronger, the schnapps had to approach Villaviciosa since between December 15 and 31, at 32 reales @, instead by mid-March 1836, in Oviedo it had almost the dry law, the price It was 80 reales arroba, in other places like Pravia it was 50 and let's not say in Navia 42.
And of course we are talking about Asturias, and which is drunk in Asturias, because that, the cider, had to go Ribadesella and Pola de Siero, was 2 reales - @, instead in Oviedo it reached 12 reales. The newspaper only mentions a place with the sale price, outside of Asturias, is in Santander and was 20 reales. In February 1836, cider was sent to Santander, Bilbao, San Sebastián from Gijón and Villaviciosa. Even from Ribadesella, we sent to make the barrels (pipas) that was the typical unit of measure of the cider, on September 3, 1836, a quechemaría arrived in Santander from Ribadesella, with staves (Each of the boards that form the curved walls of the pipas , vats, barrels)
In Villaviciosa were collected 10,000 cider pipas, about 4,750,000 l, it was the Council with more production. It was also collected in Gijón and Oviedo.
And the meats, well it summed it up in beef, ram meat, and also the fat, which was essential in the day to day, which worked as an oil, olive oil wasn't usual, for cooking as today, it was most used in perfumery or pharmacy. The cow had to buy it in Luarca that in several occasions its price was 18 maravedíes - pound, which has the extremes because in mid-March it reached 2 reales 4 maravedíes. The ram did not have to go very far in Navia was 20 maravedíes - pound, instead it reaches 1 real 6 maravedíes in several places Llanes, Cangas de Onis, Grado, Pravia, Tineo.
The price of fat varied between 2 reales - pound to 6 reales, in several Asturian towns.
In October 1836, the city of Oviedo gave the Elizabethan troops of General José María Peón, who were in the city for a day and a half, 12,000 portions of meat and 6,994 of fat.
The wages varied between 2 and 5 reales, it must also be said that the place with the highest salary is not always better, we must also take into account the cost of living in that place, in this case in Salas, Llanes and Gijón, 5 reais were paid, while the 2 are for Pola de Lena which was usual, Tineo, Cangas de Tineo (Cangas del Narcea) and Pravia. Let's look at what it was like to buy things in these places with the data provided by the newspaper.
As the conversion of weights and measures is quite complicated, since in Spain each province had its equivalences, in Asturias the same thing happened with the councils, I will unify as much as possible, following the compilation made by Pérez de Castro, in his “Weights and popular measures of Asturias ”. In Gijón, the bushel was 74.8 liters, the cereals were measured in volume, 1 arroba @ were 17.25 kg, and in the case of oil and liquids, Pérez de Castro tells us that it was equivalent to a pitcher, the oil 12.563 liters , the wine 18.408 liters, the liquor 16.080 liters, cider 19.598 liters. 1 pound was 0,690 kg. And 1 peseta was 4 reales, and 1 real 34 maravedíes. I use the same measures for Pola de Lena as Gijón.
In Gijón, you could buy 4.320 kg of cow, 1.18 kg of bacon, 1.02 l of oil, 24.33 kg of potatoes, 2.86 kg of rice, 13.30 l of beans, 17.20 l of corn, 10.44 l of spelled, and 11.25 l of wheat. In Gijón there was a teneria (tanner), in addition to a hat shop, there was a factory of bottles and flat glasses, but it had closed due to the privilege granted to La Coruña.
In Pola de Lena, you could buy 1.940 kg of cow, 0.790 kg of bacon, 0.400 l of oil, 12.710 kg of potatoes, 4.700 l of beans, 7.12 l of corn, 5.090 l of spelled and 5,610 l of wheat. Perhaps some shoemaker, since the Councils of Lena, Noreña and Nava, were made shoes for consumption in the region itself. On January 8, the war commissioner sent 4,758 pairs of shoes from Oviedo for Valladolid, and belonging to the contract made to the shoemakers of Noreña, which was 3,000 shoes per month.
Although fish prices did not appear in the newspaper, in Asturias, if business was done with the fish, in Ribadesella was fished salmon, and also in Pravia, the salmon leaves 10,000 to 12,000 ducados (money), (110,000 to 132,000 reales), although it did not exist if we passed it at pesetas they were from 27,500 to 33,000 pesetas. In Cudillero, Luanco (Gozón), Candas (Carreño) bream fishing, leaving 49,000 ducados, 539,000 reales, 134,750 pesetas.
And it tells us nothing about milk and its derivatives, but in those years, salted butter was growing, presenting competition to the Dutch, the main factory was in Allence (there is a mistake, it is Allande) that exported to the Levant and the rest of the country.
Diario de Avisos de Madrid May 19, 1836 El Español June 05,1836
To the grocery store in Visitación street, number 2, established before in Prince street, 15, it has just arrive a batch of fresh butter from Asturias, of superior quality, imitated to that of Flanders, it is dispatched to 140 reales - @ and 6 reales – pound.
In those days, the houses were self-sufficient as far as possible, and even, it was tried obtain some extra money, not only with the agricultural surpluses, but with certain manual works, thus in the article of the industry situation, the farmers of the whole province among their many jobs they make troughs, shovels, horse collar, staves, clogs or wooden shoes (madreñas) reaching their number between 125,000 to 180,000 pairs. There were also jet artisans in Villaverde (Villaviciosa), but this craft come down due to the decline in export to America.
There were other industries, as in Oviedo there was a firearms factory, state, with a production of 12,000 rifles, being able to double. In Trubia (at that time it did not belong to the Council of Oviedo but to that of Grado), there was a state foundry of ammunition, which gave little occupation. It must be remembered that this factory was originally a cannon factory, and that it was paralyzed after the War of Independence (1808-14) and would flourish again, with the arrival of General Francisco Elorza Aguirre (Oñate January 3, 1798) - Madrid November 3, 1873) in 1845.
There were other factories of various products, for example, in Pianton (Vegadeo) there was a brown, small brown and white paper mill, producing 800 reams of 1st class, 300 of 2nd class and about 200 of white. According to the RAE (Royal Spanish Academy) 1 ream of paper is 20 hands of paper, one hand of paper is 5 booklets, a booklet is 5 sheets, therefore a ream is 500 sheets.
In Oviedo there were two hat factories, a white cap factory, and 2 tenerias (tanneries) with a production of 4,000 skins, although it was not exclusive to the capital, as we read before in Gijón, there were two in Navia that gave 1,900 skins dressed, and another in Aviles, has nothing to do with what is today a business center.
The industry article mentions Vega's place without specifying the Council, this place name exists in most Asturian Councils, even the capital of the Council of Riosa, has that name, La Vega, in this case it was done every year 700 @ of soap without fire.
Nor it speak us about coal, good stone coal as it was said, in those times, which already extracted in Asturias, in 1835, coal was shipped in the port of Gijón for cruise vapors, from the Council of Langreo, by value of more than 750,000 reales (187,500 pesetas) and there still wasn't carbonera road, at that time a budget was requested for a road between Langreo and Gijón. In Aviles in the early days of January 1836, the coal was embarked French ships for Adra (Almería) http://www.adraturismo.com/descubrenos/historia.html, the coal came from Arnao (Castrillón) http://museominadearnao.es/historia-y-paisaje/ and Santa María del Mar (Castrillón), it seems that the price put on board in Aviles of a quintal of coal was 2.5 reales. Such was the importance , that began to have the mining of coal, which also emerged at the same time the issue of importation, which will accompany the Asturian extractive industry throughout its life, in March 1836 it is published that the Economic Society of Oviedo, Gijón, and the City Council of Avilés and others of the province and the Deputation, are going to represent H. M. supplicating that the R. O. of January 31, 1836 be derogated, according to which allows the steam company, entitled the Balear, the free introduction of foreign stone coal. The Balear company director was Francisco Granell.
According to the OCU (Organization of consumers and users) in 2019, the cheapest supermarkets were in San Martín del Rey Aurelio, Oviedo, Gijón and Avilés.
Bibliography: National Library, Official Bulletin of the Province of Oviedo.
OWN ELABORATION CHART, WITH PRICES OF THE PRODUCTS AND PLACES.
To the grocery store in Visitación street, number 2, established before in Prince street, 15, it has just arrive a batch of fresh butter from Asturias, of superior quality, imitated to that of Flanders, it is dispatched to 140 reales - @ and 6 reales – pound.
In those days, the houses were self-sufficient as far as possible, and even, it was tried obtain some extra money, not only with the agricultural surpluses, but with certain manual works, thus in the article of the industry situation, the farmers of the whole province among their many jobs they make troughs, shovels, horse collar, staves, clogs or wooden shoes (madreñas) reaching their number between 125,000 to 180,000 pairs. There were also jet artisans in Villaverde (Villaviciosa), but this craft come down due to the decline in export to America.
There were other industries, as in Oviedo there was a firearms factory, state, with a production of 12,000 rifles, being able to double. In Trubia (at that time it did not belong to the Council of Oviedo but to that of Grado), there was a state foundry of ammunition, which gave little occupation. It must be remembered that this factory was originally a cannon factory, and that it was paralyzed after the War of Independence (1808-14) and would flourish again, with the arrival of General Francisco Elorza Aguirre (Oñate January 3, 1798) - Madrid November 3, 1873) in 1845.
There were other factories of various products, for example, in Pianton (Vegadeo) there was a brown, small brown and white paper mill, producing 800 reams of 1st class, 300 of 2nd class and about 200 of white. According to the RAE (Royal Spanish Academy) 1 ream of paper is 20 hands of paper, one hand of paper is 5 booklets, a booklet is 5 sheets, therefore a ream is 500 sheets.
In Oviedo there were two hat factories, a white cap factory, and 2 tenerias (tanneries) with a production of 4,000 skins, although it was not exclusive to the capital, as we read before in Gijón, there were two in Navia that gave 1,900 skins dressed, and another in Aviles, has nothing to do with what is today a business center.
The industry article mentions Vega's place without specifying the Council, this place name exists in most Asturian Councils, even the capital of the Council of Riosa, has that name, La Vega, in this case it was done every year 700 @ of soap without fire.
Nor it speak us about coal, good stone coal as it was said, in those times, which already extracted in Asturias, in 1835, coal was shipped in the port of Gijón for cruise vapors, from the Council of Langreo, by value of more than 750,000 reales (187,500 pesetas) and there still wasn't carbonera road, at that time a budget was requested for a road between Langreo and Gijón. In Aviles in the early days of January 1836, the coal was embarked French ships for Adra (Almería) http://www.adraturismo.com/descubrenos/historia.html, the coal came from Arnao (Castrillón) http://museominadearnao.es/historia-y-paisaje/ and Santa María del Mar (Castrillón), it seems that the price put on board in Aviles of a quintal of coal was 2.5 reales. Such was the importance , that began to have the mining of coal, which also emerged at the same time the issue of importation, which will accompany the Asturian extractive industry throughout its life, in March 1836 it is published that the Economic Society of Oviedo, Gijón, and the City Council of Avilés and others of the province and the Deputation, are going to represent H. M. supplicating that the R. O. of January 31, 1836 be derogated, according to which allows the steam company, entitled the Balear, the free introduction of foreign stone coal. The Balear company director was Francisco Granell.
According to the OCU (Organization of consumers and users) in 2019, the cheapest supermarkets were in San Martín del Rey Aurelio, Oviedo, Gijón and Avilés.
Bibliography: National Library, Official Bulletin of the Province of Oviedo.
OWN ELABORATION CHART, WITH PRICES OF THE PRODUCTS AND PLACES.
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