First Spanish – Below English
El 30/12/1876, los periódicos de Inglaterra y Gales, reproducían un artículo de un corresponsal ocasional, del The Times desde Madrid, titulado “Navidad en España”, el 22/03/1877 el South Australian Register lo publicará, también.
El artículo comienza, elogiando a España, el corresponsal dice que no hay país en el mundo, o al menos país continental, donde todavía se guarden las viejas tradiciones, como en España, suceda lo que suceda, Todos los Santos o Navidad son días de fiesta, lo que varía es su celebración en cada provincia y entre el Norte y el Sur. En vísperas de Navidad, las tiendas están llenas de luces, cintas, y tela sarga roja y amarilla, para hacer címbalos, tambores y zambombas. En Madrid, se ponen puestos de venta en la Plaza Mayor, donde vienen productos de toda España carnes, pavo, jamones, los pescados y mariscos, atún, percebes, besugo, que el corresponsal nos dice que mandan en grandes cantidades desde Cádiz, y lo escribe con v, a pesar que la fama del besugo en aquella época era del Cantábrico, y para los menos pudientes las longanizas, salchichas y carnero para sus pucheros. Y frutas, avellanas, nueces, castañas, dátiles, limones, naranjas, melones valencianos, pasas de Malaga.. Hoy en la Plaza Mayor están los puestos de adornos navideños, en aquel año los puestos de flores y belenes estaban en la plaza de Santa Cruz y en la calle Atocha.
En el mercado de Madrid el día 24/12/1876 la carne de vaca 1,31 pesetas/Kg, carne de carnero 1,07 pesetas/kg, jamón entre 2,71 a 3,80 pesetas/kg, pan de 2 libras (0,907 kg) 0,44 a 0,47 pesetas/Kg, Garbanzos 0,54 a 1,28 pesetas/Kg, Judías 0,54 a 0,70 pesetas/kg, Arroz 0,54 a 0,70 pesetas/Kg, Lentejas 0,54 a 0,63 pesetas/Kg, Patatas 0,13 a 0,19 pesetas/Kg, Aceite 1,51 a 1,67 pesetas/l, Vino 0,45 a 0,69 pesetas/l, Petróleo 0,752 pesetas/l.
El día de Nochebuena, los obreros dejan el trabajo a las 12 de la mañana, se van a sus casas para cenar con la familia, lo habitual, en la casa de los ricos, eran la sopa de almendras (el periódico de Alcoy (Alicante) El Serpis 19/12/1878 aparece una receta, tómese media libra de almendras dulces, que se dejan en agua una hora, se mondan y se machacan en el almirez poco a poco, para que queden bien trituradas; se deslíen en dos cuartillos de agua (1,008 l), y se echa el azúcar suficiente, que es poco más de media libra, y bien disuelta, se cuela por tamiz, mojando las sopas de buen pan esponjado, que se hacen cocer a fuego lento y al tiempo de servirlas se espolvorean con un poco de canela), el pavo trufado (el periódico de Badajoz (Extremadura) El Orden 09/01/1893 aparece una receta. Después de preparar bien el pavo o pava, lo mismo que para ponerlo en el asador, se hace una pasta de relleno con hígados de ave, foie-gras, grasa y algunas trufas enteras; añádase sal, pimienta y laurel; déjese hervir suavemente con poco fuego por espacio de media hora; se deja enfriar y llénese el pavo con este relleno y dos o tres docenas de trufas; ciérrese la abertura y déjese dos o tres días, si el tiempo lo permite, antes de cocerlo. Pasado este tiempo se cubre con papel engrasado, que se retira cuando esté casi cocido ave, para que tome color, y se sirve con una salsa hecha con el jugo que el pavo haya soltado y trufas cortadas en lonchas. Por Nora), las castañas asadas, mientras que en las pobres se quedan con los pucheros. Pero España es tierra de deliciosos dulces, las frutas escarchadas y sobre todo el turrón, el corresponsal nos dice que hay 4 tipos de turrón, pero no especifica más, ni siquiera el de Alicante (duro), ni el Jijona (blando), hoy en las pastelerías e incluso las firmas comerciales venden turrones de varios tipos, pero no es moderno, hace 190 años el Diario Mercantil de Cádiz el 24/12/1826 publicaba.
Ya existía la lotería de Navidad, incluso se sorteaban lotes como las habituales cestas actuales, por ejemplo, la empresa del Gran Teatro de Córdoba regalaba en la función del 24/12/1876 tres lotes distintos un pavo, medía arroba de turrón (1 arroba - 11,5 Kg) y 6 botellas de vino Montilla, la entrada eran 2 reales (1 peseta – 4 reales) (Diario de Córdoba 23/12/1876).
El corresponsal relata costumbres de Écija (Córdoba), como el uso todavía del instrumento del Arrabel o Huesera aunque él lo llama Messería, un pectoral de huesos colgado del cuello y tocado con un palo; las chicas llevan un vestido rojo o amarillo llamativo para el niño de Dios; 10 días antes de la Misa del Gallo, se hace una misa a las 4:00 A. M. (Misa de luz); cuando las damas importantes del pueblo van a la Misa del Gallo son acompañadas en procesión por los sirvientes tocando cada uno un instrumento. Aunque, dice que no había visitado Écija. No había llegado todavía el ferrocarril a Écija
El corresponsal relata costumbres de Écija (Córdoba), como el uso todavía del instrumento del Arrabel o Huesera aunque él lo llama Messería, un pectoral de huesos colgado del cuello y tocado con un palo; las chicas llevan un vestido rojo o amarillo llamativo para el niño de Dios; 10 días antes de la Misa del Gallo, se hace una misa a las 4:00 A. M. (Misa de luz); cuando las damas importantes del pueblo van a la Misa del Gallo son acompañadas en procesión por los sirvientes tocando cada uno un instrumento. Aunque, dice que no había visitado Écija. No había llegado todavía el ferrocarril a Écija
Arrabel
Nos cuenta que en Madrid, que a la misa del Gallo (24:00), es costumbre asistir, y si no se puede asistir, es regla, asistir a las 3 misas que hay el día de Navidad.
Cuenta otras costumbres, el 23 o 24 de diciembre el Gobernador Militar visita la cárcel militar y libera a los soldados que están en prisión por ofensas leves, cosa parecida se hace en las cárceles civiles, incluso el 10 % de los soldados obtienen licencia de 15 días.
El día de Navidad era habitual pagar a los propietarios rentas en especie, y hacer el pago al médico para todo el año acompañado de un pavo, dulces navideños…, en ese día era cuando los carteros, telegrafistas, repartidores… recibían una pequeña cantidad (Aguinaldo).
Así vio un Inglés (supongo que era Inglés) la Navidad Española, o le contaron.
Feliz Navidad
Bibliografía: Biblioteca Nacional de España, Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.
I apologize for my English.
On 30/12/1876, the newspapers of England and Wales, reproduced an article of an occasional correspondent, of The Times, writing from Madrid, titled “Christmas in Spain”, on 22/03/1877 South Australian Register will publish it, too.
The article begins, praising to Spain, the correspondent says that, there is, perhaps, no country in the world, or, at least, no Continental country, where people still so guard to old traditions, as in Spain, happen what happen, All Saints or “Christmas Day” are our holyday, what varies is its celebration in each Province and between the North and South. When Christmas Eve, the shops are all ablaze with lights, ribands, streamers and red and yellow serge, to make cymbals, drums, and zambombas. In Madrid, in the Plaza Mayor, they are put stalls, where products of all Spain come meats, turkey, hams, the fishes and seafood, tuna, barnacles and bream, that the correspondent says that it is send in large quantities from Cadiz (Andalucia), and he writes it with v, although the fame of the breams, at that time, it was of the Cantabrian Sea, and for the least wealthy sausages and mutton for their stews. And fruits hazelnuts, walnuts, chestnuts, dates, lemons, oranges, Valencian melons, raisins from Malaga… Today, in the Plaza Mayor are Christmas baubles stalls, in that year the stalls of flowers and cribs were in the square of Santa Cruz and in the Atocha Street.
In the market of Madrid on 24/12/1876 beef 1.31 pesetas / kg, mutton 1.07 pesetas / kg, ham between 2.71 pesetas to 3.80 pesetas / kg, 2 pound bread (0.907 kg) 0.44 to 0.47 pesetas / Kg Chickpeas 0.54 to 1.28 pesetas / kg, Beans 0.54 to 0.70 pesetas / kg, Rice 0.54 to 0.70 pesetas / kg, Lentils 0.54 to 0.63 pesetas / kg , Potatoes 0.13 to 0.19 pesetas / kg, Oil 1.51 to 1.67 pesetas / l, Wine 0.45 to 0.69 pesetas / l, petrol 0.752 pesetas / l.
The Christmas Eve day, At 12 the laborers knock off work, they was going to dinner with the family, usual, in the home of the riches, were almond soup (the newspaper from Alcoy (Alicante) El Serpis 19/12/1878 appears a recipe, ½ pound of sweet almonds, that they are soaked in water one hour, are peeled and are crushed in the mortar little by little, so that are well crushed, are untied in 2 measure of water (1.008 l), and is thrown the sugar sufficient, that it is little more of ½ pound, and good dissolved, it is filtered by sieve, wetting a good spongy bread, that they are cooked to simmered and when it is served, is dusted with a little of cinnamon), the truffled turkey (the newspaper of Badajoz (Extremadura) El Orden 09/01/1893 appears a recipe. After to prepare well the turkey, just like to put it in the roasting spit, it is done a stuffed with the liver of the turkey, foie-gras, fat and some whole truffle; it is added salt, pepper and laurel; to boil slowly half an hour; to let cool and to stuff the turkey with this stuffed and 24 or 36 whole truffles; to close the opening and it is left two or three days, if the weather permits it, before of to cook it. When it is cooked, it is covered with greased paper, that it is uncovered when nearly the turkey is cooked, to have colour, and it is served with a sauce of juice of the cooked turkey and truffles lunched. By Nora), the roasted chestnuts, while that in the poor have the pucheros (pout). But Spain it is the land of luscious sweetmeats, the fruits incrusted in sugar, and the famous turron, the correspondent says us that there are 4 kinds, but no longer specifies, not even the one of Alicante (hard), neither the Jijona (soft), today in the confectionery and even the commercial companies sell turrones of various kinds, but this is not modern, 190 years ago the Diario Mercantil de Cadiz on 24/12/1826 published.
Cuenta otras costumbres, el 23 o 24 de diciembre el Gobernador Militar visita la cárcel militar y libera a los soldados que están en prisión por ofensas leves, cosa parecida se hace en las cárceles civiles, incluso el 10 % de los soldados obtienen licencia de 15 días.
El día de Navidad era habitual pagar a los propietarios rentas en especie, y hacer el pago al médico para todo el año acompañado de un pavo, dulces navideños…, en ese día era cuando los carteros, telegrafistas, repartidores… recibían una pequeña cantidad (Aguinaldo).
Así vio un Inglés (supongo que era Inglés) la Navidad Española, o le contaron.
Feliz Navidad
Bibliografía: Biblioteca Nacional de España, Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.
I apologize for my English.
On 30/12/1876, the newspapers of England and Wales, reproduced an article of an occasional correspondent, of The Times, writing from Madrid, titled “Christmas in Spain”, on 22/03/1877 South Australian Register will publish it, too.
The article begins, praising to Spain, the correspondent says that, there is, perhaps, no country in the world, or, at least, no Continental country, where people still so guard to old traditions, as in Spain, happen what happen, All Saints or “Christmas Day” are our holyday, what varies is its celebration in each Province and between the North and South. When Christmas Eve, the shops are all ablaze with lights, ribands, streamers and red and yellow serge, to make cymbals, drums, and zambombas. In Madrid, in the Plaza Mayor, they are put stalls, where products of all Spain come meats, turkey, hams, the fishes and seafood, tuna, barnacles and bream, that the correspondent says that it is send in large quantities from Cadiz (Andalucia), and he writes it with v, although the fame of the breams, at that time, it was of the Cantabrian Sea, and for the least wealthy sausages and mutton for their stews. And fruits hazelnuts, walnuts, chestnuts, dates, lemons, oranges, Valencian melons, raisins from Malaga… Today, in the Plaza Mayor are Christmas baubles stalls, in that year the stalls of flowers and cribs were in the square of Santa Cruz and in the Atocha Street.
In the market of Madrid on 24/12/1876 beef 1.31 pesetas / kg, mutton 1.07 pesetas / kg, ham between 2.71 pesetas to 3.80 pesetas / kg, 2 pound bread (0.907 kg) 0.44 to 0.47 pesetas / Kg Chickpeas 0.54 to 1.28 pesetas / kg, Beans 0.54 to 0.70 pesetas / kg, Rice 0.54 to 0.70 pesetas / kg, Lentils 0.54 to 0.63 pesetas / kg , Potatoes 0.13 to 0.19 pesetas / kg, Oil 1.51 to 1.67 pesetas / l, Wine 0.45 to 0.69 pesetas / l, petrol 0.752 pesetas / l.
The Christmas Eve day, At 12 the laborers knock off work, they was going to dinner with the family, usual, in the home of the riches, were almond soup (the newspaper from Alcoy (Alicante) El Serpis 19/12/1878 appears a recipe, ½ pound of sweet almonds, that they are soaked in water one hour, are peeled and are crushed in the mortar little by little, so that are well crushed, are untied in 2 measure of water (1.008 l), and is thrown the sugar sufficient, that it is little more of ½ pound, and good dissolved, it is filtered by sieve, wetting a good spongy bread, that they are cooked to simmered and when it is served, is dusted with a little of cinnamon), the truffled turkey (the newspaper of Badajoz (Extremadura) El Orden 09/01/1893 appears a recipe. After to prepare well the turkey, just like to put it in the roasting spit, it is done a stuffed with the liver of the turkey, foie-gras, fat and some whole truffle; it is added salt, pepper and laurel; to boil slowly half an hour; to let cool and to stuff the turkey with this stuffed and 24 or 36 whole truffles; to close the opening and it is left two or three days, if the weather permits it, before of to cook it. When it is cooked, it is covered with greased paper, that it is uncovered when nearly the turkey is cooked, to have colour, and it is served with a sauce of juice of the cooked turkey and truffles lunched. By Nora), the roasted chestnuts, while that in the poor have the pucheros (pout). But Spain it is the land of luscious sweetmeats, the fruits incrusted in sugar, and the famous turron, the correspondent says us that there are 4 kinds, but no longer specifies, not even the one of Alicante (hard), neither the Jijona (soft), today in the confectionery and even the commercial companies sell turrones of various kinds, but this is not modern, 190 years ago the Diario Mercantil de Cadiz on 24/12/1826 published.
Turron of Alicante, Cinnamon, hazelnut, garapiña, caramel, pouch, soft, coconut, strawberry, milk, Jijona, Prussia, yolk, pistachios ….
Already, it existed the lottery of Christmas, even it was raffled lots as currently the usual Christmas basket, for example, the company of the Great Theater of Cordoba gave in the function of on 24/12/1876, 3 different lots, a turkey; ½ arroba of turron (1 arroba – 11.5 kg) and six bottles of Montilla wine, the ticket was 2 reales (1 pesetas – 4 reales) (Diario de Cordoba 23/12/1876).The correspondent tells customs from Ecija (Cordoba), as the use still of the instrument of the Arrabel or Huesera although he calls Messeria, a breastplate of eccentrically-strung bones, slung round the neck and played with sticks; the girls wears a gaudy red or yellow dress for "The Child of God is born"; 10 days early of the Misa del Gallo (Midnight Mass); it is celebrated a mass at 4.00 a. m. (Misa de Luz, Light Mass); when the chief dames goes to the Misa del Gallo (Midnight Mass), all her man-servants in procession before her, each playing a different instrument. Although, he said that he had not visited Ecija. The Railroad had not yet arrived to Ecija.
Arrabel
He tells us that in Madrid, to the Misa del Gallo (Midnight Mass 24:00), it is custom to attend, and if it is not can to attend, it is rule, to attend at the three mass that there is the Christmas day.
He tells other customs, on 23 or 24 December, of Military Governor visits the Military Prison, and he liberates all who are only in prison for light offences, similar things are done in the Civil Prison, even the 10 % of the soldiers get a fortnight's leave of absence and a free pass.
The Christmas day was usual pay to the owners income in kind, and pay at the doctor for the whole year coupled of a turkey, Christmas sweetmeats…., in that day it was when the postman, telegraph-man, newsboy….received a small amount (Aguinaldo - Christmas bonus).
Thus, an English (I suppose that he was English) saw the Spanish Christmas, or they told him.
Merry Christmas.
Bibliography: National Library of Spain, National Library of Australia.
He tells other customs, on 23 or 24 December, of Military Governor visits the Military Prison, and he liberates all who are only in prison for light offences, similar things are done in the Civil Prison, even the 10 % of the soldiers get a fortnight's leave of absence and a free pass.
The Christmas day was usual pay to the owners income in kind, and pay at the doctor for the whole year coupled of a turkey, Christmas sweetmeats…., in that day it was when the postman, telegraph-man, newsboy….received a small amount (Aguinaldo - Christmas bonus).
Thus, an English (I suppose that he was English) saw the Spanish Christmas, or they told him.
Merry Christmas.
Bibliography: National Library of Spain, National Library of Australia.
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