First Spanish – Below English
En el edificio Franklin, en la calle Remsen, en Brooklyn, Nueva York, tenía una oficina el asesor legal Sr. Baily, y entre sus clientes estaba la colonia española, en 1892, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, le hacía una entrevista para dar a conocer a los españoles que vivían en Nueva York, no era capaz de dar un número exacto de españoles y cubanos en Brooklyn, pero aproximadamente creía que había unos seiscientos. Eran clásicos, se dispersaban por toda la ciudad, en Brooklyn la mayoría venían de Asturias, gran parte de los españoles llegaban por Cuba. No hablaban inglés, solo el 1 % de los que iban a Brooklyn aprendía el suficiente para hacerse entender en los asuntos más simples y necesarios de la vida cotidiana. En Brooklyn se dedicaban en las fábricas de tabaco y cigarros, donde solo se hablaba español, son trabajadores económicos, sobrios y honestos. Solían venir con algo de dinero y todos sabían hacer cigarros, no solían querer retornar a Cuba. Eran católicos y no tenian iglesia que fuera distintivamente española, en 1896, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle publicó un artículo “Foreigners in Brooklyn” decía, en 1893 se inaugura la 1º iglesia metodista española americana en la vieja calle Johnson de Brooklyn pero no tuvo mucho éxito, incluso otros intentaron evangelizar a los españoles, pero al final decían “El domingo es para ellos meramente un día de fiesta y no un día santo y lo pasan generalmente en visitas a sus parientes y amigos.”. No solían llegar mujeres, los españoles pasado el tiempo, la mayoría se casaban con americanas (un ejemplo fueron los hermanos asturianos García, uno de ellos llego a presidir el trust del tabaco de Nueva York). No es habitual que se convirtieran en ciudadanos de Estados Unidos, Baily decía que “Yo creo que es el resultado de dos causas. Uno es el amor intenso que tienen por su país natal y el otro es lo que no se puedo explicar mejor que diciendo que me parece ser un remanente del antiguo orgullo de hidalgo que les impide jurar lealtad a cualquier otro país”. Aquellos que tomaban documentos de naturalización eran generalmente hombres que habían acumulado bienes y deseaban volver a visitar su país natal, y estar protegidos de la ley militar tan estricta como en Alemania (servicio militar obligatorio)”, los cubanos nativos eran más probable que se nacionalicen norteamericanos que los asturianos, no les gustaba que les llamaran españoles. En el tema de la política son más proclives al partido demócrata que al republicano. Existían en Brooklyn, asociaciones o sociedades de beneficencia eran La Nacional, La América y La Beneficencia, y la logia masónica La Universal. La relación del tabaco y los asturianos ya venía de Cuba, y después paso a Florida y por supuesto a Nueva York, como cuenta Juan Alberto Berni en su web sobre vitolfilia http://www.jaberni-coleccionismo-vitolas.com/ , a partir de la mitad del s. XIX los asturianos toman el relevo a los catalanes en el negocio tabaquero de Cuba. Llegando, aparecer en un periódico de Washington DC, al poco de dejar Cuba de ser española, la opinión de un experto en la fabricación de tabaco Gustavus Bock, que afirmaba que solo los asturianos tienen la misma facilidad para realizar los cigarros que los nativos cubanos.
Fue mala época para los españoles el 1898, surgió el rumor de una conspiración para volar el puente de Brooklyn en 05/1898, cosa que el jefe de policía McCullagh negó.
Estas seguro McCullagh, mira la foto dado que, parece ser que el marino militar español Villamil propuso atacar con sus destructores las ciudades de EEUU en la guerra de 1898, entre ellas Nueva York, que había visto poco protegida en un viaje anterior, cosa que también pensaba algún periódico neoyorquino días antes del guerra, mira que si al final se produjo, o quizás sean de la banda de música del Regimiento Asturias, 31 "El Cangrejo" que tanta fama tubo en España y el Caribe, si existió la propuesta de Villamil no fue aceptada, y el Asturias sí estuvo en México pero no en Nueva York, la foto fue sacada de un video de youtube titulado The Clumsy Lover Reel, Banda de Gaitas Naranco de Oviedo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAa5-nTSRnw .
Los compañeros de McCullagh, agentes federales y sobre todo el servicio secreto, tuvieron que estar más activos en 1919 cuando son detenidos 14 españoles cuya intención era un complot para poner una bomba contra el presidente Wilson en Boston, que ese año se le concedería el Nobel de la Paz, se les acusa de ser anarquistas (miembros de I. W. W.)y habían llegado de fuera de EEUU hubo también detenciones de Philadelphia, a los pocos días de su detención muchos les fue aplicada la ley de inmigración y llevados al isla de Ellis (Centro de Inmigración, era la puerta de entrada de millones de inmigrantes http://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/ellis-island-history ), recordar que es la época del pistolerismo en Barcelona entre empresarios y trabajadores, entre los que tenía mucha importancia el sindicato anarquista CNT.
Todavía quedaban años para que en el caso de los asturianos naciera el Centro Asturiano y sus multitudinarios picnics con fabada, partidos beisbol, fútbol, en ocasiones con 3.000 personas, o para hablar de Little Spain (la pequeña España) la calle 14 en Manhattan.
Bibliografía: Archivo The New York Times, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Biblioteca Pública de Brooklyn, Biblioteca del Congreso de Estados Unidos.
I apologize for my English
In the Franklin building on Remsen Street in Brooklyn, New York, Mr. Baily had a office of legal advisor, and among his clients was the Spanish colony, in 1892, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, gave him an interview to make known to the Spaniards who lived in New York, he was not able to give an exact number of Spaniards and Cubans in Brooklyn, but approximately believed that there were about six hundred. They were classics, scattered throughout the city, in Brooklyn most came from Asturias, the great part of Spaniards arrived from Cuba. They did not speak English, only 1% of those who went to Brooklyn learn enough to be understood in the simplest and necessary matters of daily life. In Brooklyn they worked in tobacco and cigar factories, where only Spanish was spoken, they were economic workers, sober and honest. They usually came with some money and everyone knows how to make cigars, they did not usually want to return to Cuba. They were Catholic and did not have a church that is distinctively Spanish, in 1896, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle published an article "Foreigners in Brooklyn" says, in 1893 the first Spanish American Methodist M. E. church in old Johnson street, Brooklyn, was inaugurated but it did not have much success, even others tried to evangelize the Spaniards but in the end they said "Sunday is to them merely a holiday and not a holy day and they usually spend it in visiting their relatives and friends." It went very a few women, the Spaniards over time most of were married American women (an example were the Asturian brothers Garcia, one of them became president of the New York tobacco trust). It was not usual for them become citizens of the United States; Baily said that "I believe that it is the result of two causes. The intense love they have for their native country is one and the other is what I cannot better explain than by saying that it appears to me a remnant of the old ancient of hidalgo pride that keeps them from swearing allegiance to any other country”.
Those who did take naturalization documents were generally men who had accumulated property goods and desire to revisit their native country, and be protected from military law as strict as in Germany (compulsory military service), native Cubans were more likely to become citizens of the United States than the Asturians, a Cuban did not like to be called a Spaniard. On the subject of politics were more inclined to the Democratic Party than to the Republican. There were in Brooklyn associations or benefit societies were La Nacional, La America and La Beneficencia, and the Masonic Lodge La Universal. The relationship between the tobacco and the Asturian people was already coming from Cuba, and then went to Florida and, of course, to New York, as Juan Alberto Berni tells us on his website about vitolfilia http://www.jaberni-coleccionismo-vitolas.com/ , as from the middle of the XIX century the Asturians replaced the Catalans in the tobacco business of Cuba. In a newspaper of Washington DC in 03/1899, there was, the opinion of an expert in the manufacture of tobacco, Gustavus Bock, that he affirmed statement that only the Asturian have the same facility to make the cigars as the natives Cubans.
It was a bad time for the Spaniards in 1898, it arose the rumor of a conspiracy to blow up the Brooklyn Bridge in 05/1898, which police chief McCullagh denied.
McCullagh, you are sure, look at the photo, given that it seems that the Spanish military mariner Villamil proposed attacking with his destroyers the United States cities in the war of 1898, including New York, which had seen little protection on a previous trip, thing that too some newspaper thought days before of the war, look that if In the end it occurred, or maybe they are from the band of the Asturias Regiment, 31 "The Crab" that so much fame had in Spain and the Caribbean, if there was the proposal Villamil was not accepted, and Asturias was in Mexico and Caribbean, but Not in New York, the photo was taken from a youtube video titled The Clumsy Lover Reel, Narbon Gauntlet Band from Oviedo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAa5-nTSRnw .
McCullagh's comrades, federal agents and especially the secret service, had to be more active in 1919 when 14 Spaniards were detained whose intention was a plot to bomb President Wilson in Boston that year would be awarded the Nobel Of Peace, they are accused of being anarchists (IWW members) and had arrived from outside the USA there were also arrests of Philadelphia, a few days after, to a lot of their were applied them the immigration law and were took them to the island of Ellis (Immigration Center, it was the gateway to millions of immigrants http://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/ellis-island-history ), Remember that it is the time of the gunmen in Barcelona between businessmen and workers, among which the CNT anarchist union was very important.
In 1902, the Evening Post of New York re-published an article on the Spaniards in that city, of the Peninsula no more than 10%, the rest coming from the Canaries, Cuba, Puerto Rico, South American Republics and even the Philippines. The main industry of the Spanish colony was the manufacture of tobacco, did not have competitor in the manufacture, if it had competition in the purchase and sale of the leaf (American, English and Jewish). The factories that had Spanish workers in the manufacture of tobaccos worked differently than those were occupied by Americans. The organization was more complete in their personal union and they enjoyed a much greater independence; in compensation, they are very severe to each other, there were no shouts or jokes. The Spanish colony had certain old practices, one of them was to suppress some days the job and consecrate them to meetings, picnics or selected functions, no matter the greater or less haste of the work, and the amusement was always realized. The other curious custom was that the factories had a reader, was a person in charge of reading to the workers while they worked, they usually began with the news of a local newspaper, of Madrid and of Havana, after any type of book that the personnel had chosen, sometimes the factories were hiring a musician, the most appreciated was the one that played the guitar and then the violinist, but it was not popularizing as the case of reading, something that already existed in the factories in Cuba and that reflected the press of Washington in 1899 to the little of Spain left Cuba. The grocery stores were not progressing, what they sold well were the Spanish products, used to go to the port when they knew that a ship was arriving from Spain to spend the day attracted by the nostalgia of his country, the commercial affairs, to find some acquaintances among the passengers and they boarded to buy things to the crew. The Spaniard was generally sociable, and compensated for his loneliness, resorting to systematic cooperation almost all belonged to clubs, associations of all kinds, charitable associations and insurance societies. And that at that time the Spanish immigration to New York was increasing. Even the Spanish military engineer Emilio Herrera (he became President of the Second Spanish Republic in exile) planned in 1919 to open a line of dirigibles from La Coruña and New York, as reflected in The Sun of New York. The Spaniards came to have their own press, such as Las Novedades of New York (1876-1918).
There were still years for the birth of the Asturian Center and its multitudinous picnics with fabada, baseball games, football, sometimes with 3,000 people, or to talk about Little Spain, 14th Street in Manhattan.
Bibliography: New York Times Archive, National Library of Spain, Public Library of Brooklyn, Library of Congress of United States
En el edificio Franklin, en la calle Remsen, en Brooklyn, Nueva York, tenía una oficina el asesor legal Sr. Baily, y entre sus clientes estaba la colonia española, en 1892, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, le hacía una entrevista para dar a conocer a los españoles que vivían en Nueva York, no era capaz de dar un número exacto de españoles y cubanos en Brooklyn, pero aproximadamente creía que había unos seiscientos. Eran clásicos, se dispersaban por toda la ciudad, en Brooklyn la mayoría venían de Asturias, gran parte de los españoles llegaban por Cuba. No hablaban inglés, solo el 1 % de los que iban a Brooklyn aprendía el suficiente para hacerse entender en los asuntos más simples y necesarios de la vida cotidiana. En Brooklyn se dedicaban en las fábricas de tabaco y cigarros, donde solo se hablaba español, son trabajadores económicos, sobrios y honestos. Solían venir con algo de dinero y todos sabían hacer cigarros, no solían querer retornar a Cuba. Eran católicos y no tenian iglesia que fuera distintivamente española, en 1896, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle publicó un artículo “Foreigners in Brooklyn” decía, en 1893 se inaugura la 1º iglesia metodista española americana en la vieja calle Johnson de Brooklyn pero no tuvo mucho éxito, incluso otros intentaron evangelizar a los españoles, pero al final decían “El domingo es para ellos meramente un día de fiesta y no un día santo y lo pasan generalmente en visitas a sus parientes y amigos.”. No solían llegar mujeres, los españoles pasado el tiempo, la mayoría se casaban con americanas (un ejemplo fueron los hermanos asturianos García, uno de ellos llego a presidir el trust del tabaco de Nueva York). No es habitual que se convirtieran en ciudadanos de Estados Unidos, Baily decía que “Yo creo que es el resultado de dos causas. Uno es el amor intenso que tienen por su país natal y el otro es lo que no se puedo explicar mejor que diciendo que me parece ser un remanente del antiguo orgullo de hidalgo que les impide jurar lealtad a cualquier otro país”. Aquellos que tomaban documentos de naturalización eran generalmente hombres que habían acumulado bienes y deseaban volver a visitar su país natal, y estar protegidos de la ley militar tan estricta como en Alemania (servicio militar obligatorio)”, los cubanos nativos eran más probable que se nacionalicen norteamericanos que los asturianos, no les gustaba que les llamaran españoles. En el tema de la política son más proclives al partido demócrata que al republicano. Existían en Brooklyn, asociaciones o sociedades de beneficencia eran La Nacional, La América y La Beneficencia, y la logia masónica La Universal. La relación del tabaco y los asturianos ya venía de Cuba, y después paso a Florida y por supuesto a Nueva York, como cuenta Juan Alberto Berni en su web sobre vitolfilia http://www.jaberni-coleccionismo-vitolas.com/ , a partir de la mitad del s. XIX los asturianos toman el relevo a los catalanes en el negocio tabaquero de Cuba. Llegando, aparecer en un periódico de Washington DC, al poco de dejar Cuba de ser española, la opinión de un experto en la fabricación de tabaco Gustavus Bock, que afirmaba que solo los asturianos tienen la misma facilidad para realizar los cigarros que los nativos cubanos.
Fue mala época para los españoles el 1898, surgió el rumor de una conspiración para volar el puente de Brooklyn en 05/1898, cosa que el jefe de policía McCullagh negó.
Estas seguro McCullagh, mira la foto dado que, parece ser que el marino militar español Villamil propuso atacar con sus destructores las ciudades de EEUU en la guerra de 1898, entre ellas Nueva York, que había visto poco protegida en un viaje anterior, cosa que también pensaba algún periódico neoyorquino días antes del guerra, mira que si al final se produjo, o quizás sean de la banda de música del Regimiento Asturias, 31 "El Cangrejo" que tanta fama tubo en España y el Caribe, si existió la propuesta de Villamil no fue aceptada, y el Asturias sí estuvo en México pero no en Nueva York, la foto fue sacada de un video de youtube titulado The Clumsy Lover Reel, Banda de Gaitas Naranco de Oviedo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAa5-nTSRnw .
Los compañeros de McCullagh, agentes federales y sobre todo el servicio secreto, tuvieron que estar más activos en 1919 cuando son detenidos 14 españoles cuya intención era un complot para poner una bomba contra el presidente Wilson en Boston, que ese año se le concedería el Nobel de la Paz, se les acusa de ser anarquistas (miembros de I. W. W.)y habían llegado de fuera de EEUU hubo también detenciones de Philadelphia, a los pocos días de su detención muchos les fue aplicada la ley de inmigración y llevados al isla de Ellis (Centro de Inmigración, era la puerta de entrada de millones de inmigrantes http://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/ellis-island-history ), recordar que es la época del pistolerismo en Barcelona entre empresarios y trabajadores, entre los que tenía mucha importancia el sindicato anarquista CNT.
14 Españoles detenidos
En 1902, el Evening Post de Nueva York, volvía a publicar un artículo sobre los españoles en dicha ciudad, de la Península no va más del 10 %, el resto procede de Canarias, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Repúblicas sudamericanas y hasta de Filipinas. La principal industria de la colonia española era la manufactura del tabaco, no tenían competidor en la fabricación, si tenían competencia en la compra y venta de la hoja (americanos, ingleses y judíos). Las fábricas que tenían obreros españoles en la manufactura de tabacos trabajaban de diferente modo que los que ocupaban los americanos. La organización era más completa en su unión personal y gozaban de una independencia mucho mayor; en compensación, eran muy severos los unos para con los otros, no había gritos ni bromas. La colonia española tenía ciertas prácticas antiguas, una de ellas consistía en suprimir algunos días el trabajo y consagrarlos a reuniones, picnics o funciones escogidas, poco importa la mayor o menor prisa del trabajo, el divertimiento se realizaba siempre. La otra costumbre curiosa era que las fábricas tenían un lector, se trataba de un persona encargada de leerles a los obreros mientras trabajaban, solían comenzar con la noticias de algún diario local, de Madrid y de La Habana, después cualquier tipo de libro que el personal hubiera escogido, en ocasiones las fábricas contrataban un músico, el más apreciado era el que tocaba la guitarra y después el violinista, pero no se popularizaron como el caso de la lectura, cosa que ya existía en las fábricas en Cuba y que reflejaban la prensa de Washington en 1899 al poco de España abandonar Cuba. Los almacenes de comestibles no progresaban, lo que vendían bien eran los productos españoles, solían acudir al puerto cuando sabían que llegaba un barco desde España para pasar el día atraídos por la nostalgia de la patria, los asuntos comerciales, encontrar algunos conocidos entre los pasajeros, y subían a bordo a comprarles cosas a los tripulantes. El español era generalmente sociable, y compensaba su soledad, recurriendo a la cooperación sistemática casi todos pertenecían a clubs, asociaciones de todo tipo, asociaciones de beneficencia y sociedades de seguros. Y que en esas fechas la inmigración española a Nueva York estaba aumentando. Incluso el ingeniero militar español Emilio Herrera (Llegó a ser Presidente de la II República Española en el exilio), planeó en 1919 abrir una línea de dirigibles desde La Coruña y New York, como reflejaba The Sun de Nueva York. Los españoles llegaron a tener prensa propia, como Las Novedades de Nueva York (1876 -1916).Todavía quedaban años para que en el caso de los asturianos naciera el Centro Asturiano y sus multitudinarios picnics con fabada, partidos beisbol, fútbol, en ocasiones con 3.000 personas, o para hablar de Little Spain (la pequeña España) la calle 14 en Manhattan.
Bibliografía: Archivo The New York Times, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Biblioteca Pública de Brooklyn, Biblioteca del Congreso de Estados Unidos.
I apologize for my English
In the Franklin building on Remsen Street in Brooklyn, New York, Mr. Baily had a office of legal advisor, and among his clients was the Spanish colony, in 1892, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, gave him an interview to make known to the Spaniards who lived in New York, he was not able to give an exact number of Spaniards and Cubans in Brooklyn, but approximately believed that there were about six hundred. They were classics, scattered throughout the city, in Brooklyn most came from Asturias, the great part of Spaniards arrived from Cuba. They did not speak English, only 1% of those who went to Brooklyn learn enough to be understood in the simplest and necessary matters of daily life. In Brooklyn they worked in tobacco and cigar factories, where only Spanish was spoken, they were economic workers, sober and honest. They usually came with some money and everyone knows how to make cigars, they did not usually want to return to Cuba. They were Catholic and did not have a church that is distinctively Spanish, in 1896, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle published an article "Foreigners in Brooklyn" says, in 1893 the first Spanish American Methodist M. E. church in old Johnson street, Brooklyn, was inaugurated but it did not have much success, even others tried to evangelize the Spaniards but in the end they said "Sunday is to them merely a holiday and not a holy day and they usually spend it in visiting their relatives and friends." It went very a few women, the Spaniards over time most of were married American women (an example were the Asturian brothers Garcia, one of them became president of the New York tobacco trust). It was not usual for them become citizens of the United States; Baily said that "I believe that it is the result of two causes. The intense love they have for their native country is one and the other is what I cannot better explain than by saying that it appears to me a remnant of the old ancient of hidalgo pride that keeps them from swearing allegiance to any other country”.
Those who did take naturalization documents were generally men who had accumulated property goods and desire to revisit their native country, and be protected from military law as strict as in Germany (compulsory military service), native Cubans were more likely to become citizens of the United States than the Asturians, a Cuban did not like to be called a Spaniard. On the subject of politics were more inclined to the Democratic Party than to the Republican. There were in Brooklyn associations or benefit societies were La Nacional, La America and La Beneficencia, and the Masonic Lodge La Universal. The relationship between the tobacco and the Asturian people was already coming from Cuba, and then went to Florida and, of course, to New York, as Juan Alberto Berni tells us on his website about vitolfilia http://www.jaberni-coleccionismo-vitolas.com/ , as from the middle of the XIX century the Asturians replaced the Catalans in the tobacco business of Cuba. In a newspaper of Washington DC in 03/1899, there was, the opinion of an expert in the manufacture of tobacco, Gustavus Bock, that he affirmed statement that only the Asturian have the same facility to make the cigars as the natives Cubans.
It was a bad time for the Spaniards in 1898, it arose the rumor of a conspiracy to blow up the Brooklyn Bridge in 05/1898, which police chief McCullagh denied.
McCullagh's comrades, federal agents and especially the secret service, had to be more active in 1919 when 14 Spaniards were detained whose intention was a plot to bomb President Wilson in Boston that year would be awarded the Nobel Of Peace, they are accused of being anarchists (IWW members) and had arrived from outside the USA there were also arrests of Philadelphia, a few days after, to a lot of their were applied them the immigration law and were took them to the island of Ellis (Immigration Center, it was the gateway to millions of immigrants http://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/ellis-island-history ), Remember that it is the time of the gunmen in Barcelona between businessmen and workers, among which the CNT anarchist union was very important.
In 1902, the Evening Post of New York re-published an article on the Spaniards in that city, of the Peninsula no more than 10%, the rest coming from the Canaries, Cuba, Puerto Rico, South American Republics and even the Philippines. The main industry of the Spanish colony was the manufacture of tobacco, did not have competitor in the manufacture, if it had competition in the purchase and sale of the leaf (American, English and Jewish). The factories that had Spanish workers in the manufacture of tobaccos worked differently than those were occupied by Americans. The organization was more complete in their personal union and they enjoyed a much greater independence; in compensation, they are very severe to each other, there were no shouts or jokes. The Spanish colony had certain old practices, one of them was to suppress some days the job and consecrate them to meetings, picnics or selected functions, no matter the greater or less haste of the work, and the amusement was always realized. The other curious custom was that the factories had a reader, was a person in charge of reading to the workers while they worked, they usually began with the news of a local newspaper, of Madrid and of Havana, after any type of book that the personnel had chosen, sometimes the factories were hiring a musician, the most appreciated was the one that played the guitar and then the violinist, but it was not popularizing as the case of reading, something that already existed in the factories in Cuba and that reflected the press of Washington in 1899 to the little of Spain left Cuba. The grocery stores were not progressing, what they sold well were the Spanish products, used to go to the port when they knew that a ship was arriving from Spain to spend the day attracted by the nostalgia of his country, the commercial affairs, to find some acquaintances among the passengers and they boarded to buy things to the crew. The Spaniard was generally sociable, and compensated for his loneliness, resorting to systematic cooperation almost all belonged to clubs, associations of all kinds, charitable associations and insurance societies. And that at that time the Spanish immigration to New York was increasing. Even the Spanish military engineer Emilio Herrera (he became President of the Second Spanish Republic in exile) planned in 1919 to open a line of dirigibles from La Coruña and New York, as reflected in The Sun of New York. The Spaniards came to have their own press, such as Las Novedades of New York (1876-1918).
There were still years for the birth of the Asturian Center and its multitudinous picnics with fabada, baseball games, football, sometimes with 3,000 people, or to talk about Little Spain, 14th Street in Manhattan.
Bibliography: New York Times Archive, National Library of Spain, Public Library of Brooklyn, Library of Congress of United States
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